Environmental factor | Genes putatively involved in gene–environmental effects | Epigenetic modifications induced by the environmental factor | Target of epigenetic effects | Tissue analysed/disease context | [Ref.] |
Passive smoking | IL1R 56 | DNA methylation | Global | Mouse lung tissue/lung cancer | 63 |
In utero smoking | GSTM1/GSTP1 57 | DNA methylation | Global; AXL PTPRO | Human buccal cells/effects of in utero tobacco smoke | 64 |
Ozone/oxidative stress | TNF 58 | DNA methylation | Global | Murine melanocytes/cancer | 65 |
Farm exposure | Innate immunity receptors 59, 60 | No data available | No data available | No data available | No data available |
Endotoxin | CD14 61, 62 | Chromatin remodelling | TNF/IL-1β | Human promomocytic cells (THP-1), blood leukocytes/systemic inflammation | 66 |
IL1R: interleukin-1 receptor; GSTM1: glutathione S-transferase Mu 1; GSTP1: glutathione S-transferase P1; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; AXL: AXL receptor tyrosine kinase; PTPRO: protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, O.