First author [Ref.] | Patients n | Description | Measures | Significant associations | |
Lung function | Cognition | ||||
Cook 34 | 1354 | Cross sectionHealthy elderly | PEFR | NPT | Total cognitive score and memory |
Albert 35 | 1192 | LongitudinalHealthy, elderly | PEFR | NPT/MMSE | Second best predictor of decline in MMSE |
Chyou 36 | 3036 | Longitudinal Japanese American males (3 yrs) | FEV1 | CASI | Baseline FEV1 (more pronounced in >55 yr olds) |
Cerhan 37 | 14000 | Cross sectionMiddle-aged adults | FEV1 | NPT | Information processing speed and word fluency |
Emery 38 | 444 | LongitudinalSwedish twin study | FEV1 | NPT | “Fluid intelligence” but not a predictor of cognitive decline |
Anstey 39 | 2551 | HealthyLongitudinalAll ages | FEV1 | NPT | MemoryReaction time |
Aleman 40 | 400 | Cross section mid age to elderly males | PEFR | NPT/MMSE <26 | PEFR associated with MMSEVascular risk factors associated with processing speedMMSE associated with PEFR |
Sachdev 41 | 469 | Healthy | FEV1 | NPT | Information processing |
Cross section | Motor dexterity | ||||
Allaire 42 | 396 | Cross sectionHealthy African American malesAll ages | PEFR | Telephone cognitive tests | PEFR contributed to 2% variance of cognition in elderly only |
PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate; NPT: formal neuropsychological testing; MMSE: mini mental score examination; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; CASI: cognitive ability screening instrument.