Comparisons between nasal continuous positive airway pressure(nCPAP) and sham continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) before and after 1 week of treatment
| nCPAP# | Sham CPAP¶ | p-values+ | |||||
| Baseline | After 1 week treatment | Baseline and 1 week difference | Baseline | After 1 week treatment | Baseline and 1 week difference | ||
| Age yrs | 46.5±10.8 | 46.1±9.8 | |||||
| ESS | 10.3±4.9 | 10.5±5.2 | 0.3±3.6 | 10.8±5.5 | 10.5±5.6 | -0.35±1.60 | 0.370 |
| Waist circumference cm | 95.1±9.3 | 95.0±9.3 | -0.1±2.3 | 92.7±8.1 | 92.2±8.4 | -0.57±1.55 | 0.350 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 27.8±3.7 | 27.8±3.8 | 0.05±0.39 | 27.2±3.7 | 27.1±3.7 | -0.12±0.33 | 0.074 |
| AHI events·h−1 | 33.4 (20.7–58.8) | 0.6 (0.1–1.4)** | -33.3 (-58.5−17.0) | 31.3 (19.0–56.6) | 19.7 (8.7–54.4)** | -8.7 (-16.7– -4) | <0.001 |
| Sleep duration min | 405±45 | 394±65 | -11±53 | 403±49 | 387±48 | -15±54 | 0.759 |
| Kitt %·min−1 | 6.6±2.9 (n = 30) | 7.6±3.2* | 0.98±2.13 | 7.6±3.5 (n = 29) | 7.0±2.9 | -0.70±3.24 | 0.022 |
| HOMA | 2.7±1.4 | 2.7±1.2 | -0.04±0.75 | 2.9±2.1 | 2.8±1.9 | -0.19±1.23 | 0.577 |
| Serum insulin mIU·L−1 | 12.1±6.0 | 11.8±4.8 | -0.28±3.03 | 12.2±7.6 | 11.6±7.1 | -0.63±3.89 | 0.696 |
| Plasma glucose mmol·L−1 | 5.1±0.6 | 5.1±0.4 | -0.01±0.41 | 5.2±0.6 | 5.2±0.6 | 0.002±0.39 | 0.934 |
| Systolic BP mmHg | 130.8±14.7 | 127.8±13.9* | -3.01±8.37 | 129.5±16.5 | 127.4±15.9 | -2.06±8.47 | 0.662 |
| Diastolic BP mmHg | 80.1±10.8 | 76.4±8.2* | -3.77±6.72 | 82.0±11.6 | 78.9±11.8* | -3.16±7.09 | 0.728 |
| Urinary norepinephrine nmol·mmol−1 creatinine | 18.2±4.7 (n = 28) | 17.6±5.2 | -0.6±3.9 | 17.0±7.2 (n = 27) | 16.6±7.3 | -0.4±5.0 | 0.905 |
| Urinary normetanephrine nmol·mmol−1 creatinine | 12.3±4.0 (n = 30) | 11.7±3.8 | -0.5±3.5 | 12.0±5.4 (n = 29) | 11.9±4.8 | -0.1±5.7 | 0.695 |
| Urinary epinephrine nmol·mmol−1 creatinine | 4.8±2.3 (n = 27) | 4.9±3.6 | 0.1±3.4 | 4.6±2.5 (n = 28) | 4.7±2.5 | 0.2±2.2 | 0.948 |
| Urinary metanephrine nmol·mmol−1 creatinine | 10.2±4.2 (n = 27) | 10.0±3.4 | -0.2±2.6 | 8.6±3.4 (n = 27) | 8.5±3.2 | -0.1±2.8 | 0.844 |
Data are presented as mean±sd or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. (n = ) refers to patients with specimens at both baseline and 1-week reassessment. ESS: Epworth sleepiness score; BMI: body mass index; AHI: apnoea/hypopnoea index; Kitt: glucose disappearance rate for estimating insulin sensitivity; HOMA: homeostasis model assessment for estimating insulin resistance; BP: blood pressure. #: n = 31; ¶: n = 30; +: comparisons of the difference in changes between nCPAP and sham CPAP by an unpaired t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. *: p<0.05, **: p<0.001 for within group comparisons by paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed ranks test.