Clinical characteristics of patients
| Diagnosis | Age yrs | Sex | FEV1 % pred | Therapy |
| Healthy | 28 | M | 100 | None |
| Healthy | 52 | M | NA | None |
| Healthy | 61 | F | 98 | None |
| Healthy | 43 | M | NA | None |
| Healthy | 36 | M | 97 | None |
| Healthy | 57 | M | NA | None |
| Healthy | 53 | M | 100 | None |
| Healthy | 21 | F | 100 | None |
| Healthy | 24 | F | NA | None |
| Healthy | 25 | M | 100 | None |
| Mean±sd | 37.5±18.7 | 99.16±1.33 | ||
| COPD | 52 | M | 62 | Corticosteroids |
| COPD | 57 | M | NA | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| COPD | 56 | M | 58 | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| COPD/emphysema | 44 | F | 56 | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| COPD/emphysema | 48 | F | 60 | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| COPD/emphysema | 52 | M | NA | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| Mean±sd | 50.5±4.1 | 59±2.58 | ||
| Asthma | 20 | F | 75 | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| Asthma | 40 | M | 48 | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| Asthma | 43 | F | 85 | None |
| Asthma | 48 | M | NA | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| Asthma | 53 | F | 63 | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| Asthma | 18 | F | 82 | None |
| Asthma | 33 | F | NA | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| Asthma | 25 | M | 79 | None |
| Asthma | 64 | M | NA | None |
| Asthma | 52 | M | 58 | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| Asthma | 33 | F | NA | β2-agonists + corticosteroids |
| Mean±sd | 39±23.7 | 70±13.5 |
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; % pred: % predicted; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; M: male; F: female; NA: not available.