Relationship between dichotomised cumulative diacetyl exposure and forced vital capacity(FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in non-Asian males and females and Asian males#
| Variable | Non-Asian males | Asian males | Non-Asian females | |||
| FEV1 % pred | FVC % pred | FEV1 % pred | FVC % pred | FEV1 % pred | FVC % pred | |
| Subjects n | 400 | 400 | 52 | 52 | 208 | 208 |
| Model R2 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.06 |
| Smoking¶ pack-yrs | -2.7 (<0.001) | -1.1 (0.01) | 0.0 | 0.0 | -3.3 (<0.001) | -1.9 (<0.01) |
| Current smoker+ | -2.4 | -0.5 | -2.1 | 2.9 | -1.5 | 1.6 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | -0.3 (<0.01) | -0.5 (<0.001) | -0.3 | -1.0 (0.04) | -0.2 | -0.3 (0.01) |
| High exposure to diacetyl§ | -10.3 (<0.01) | -5.4 (0.08) | -12.7 (<0.01) | -4.6 | 2.0 | -1.4 |
Data other than subjects and model R2 are presented as estimated change in % predicted (p-value). #: p≤0.10 reported; ¶: per 10 packs-yrs smoking history; +: current smokers compared with never- and former smokers; §: high cumulative exposure to diacetyl defined as ≥0.8 ppm-yrs and compared with <0.8 ppm-yrs. Of those with ≥0.8 ppm-yrs, 25 (81%) out of 28 were within the pre-powered air-purifying respirator mixer group.