Asthmatic subjects | Control subjects | Obese subjects | |
Subjects n | 62 | 41 | 20 |
Age yrs | 29.8 (26.7–32.9) | 35.2 (30.7–39.7) | 44.7 (39.8–49.6)* |
Sex % male | 57% | 45% | 65% |
Height m | 1.71 (1.69–1.73) | 1.72 (1.69–1.75) | 1.70 (1.66–1.74) |
BMI kg·m−2 | 24.7 (23.59–25.81) | 23.9 (23.14–24.66) | 37.7 (34.4–41.0)*** |
FEV1 % pred | 87.3 (83.8–90.8)*** | 101.0 (97.8–104.2) | 99.4 (94.0–104.8) |
FVC % pred | 93.7 (89.5–97.9)** | 103.0 (99.5–106.5) | 102.8 (97.4–108.2) |
FER | 0.75 (0.73–0.77)*** | 0.82 (0.80–0.84) | 0.81 (0.79–0.83) |
ΔFER at max# | 0.083 (0.062–0.104) | 0.073 (0.040–0.106) | 0.053 (0.017–0.089) |
%ΔFEV1 at max | 24.5 (22.8–26.2)*** | 17.9 (14.9–20.9) | 17.8 (13.5–22.1) |
%ΔFVC at max | 15.0 (13.3–16.7)*** | 10.0 (7.7–12.3) | 12.9 (9.2–16.6) |
FeNO ppb¶ | 18.3 (15.1–22.0)*** | 9.2 (7.8–10.7) | 12.4 (10.3–15.0)* |
Max dose μmol | 6.10 (-0.1–12.3)*** | 165.3 (145.3–185.3) | 193.3 (180.3–206.3) |
DRS %fall·µmol−1¶ | 16.2 (11.5–22.5)*** | 0.25 (0.11–0.39) | 0.10 (0.06–0.14) |
Data are presented as mean (95% confidence interval), except: #: median (interquartile range); and ¶: geometric range (95% confidence interval), unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; % pred: % predicted; FVC: forced vital capacity; FER: forced expiratory ratio; FeNO: exhaled nitric oxide fraction; DRS: dose–response slope. *: p<0.05 versus controls; **: p<0.01 versus controls; ***: p<0.001 versus controls.