Factors associated with decreased fibroblast apoptosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
| Resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis |
| Increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins: IAP, FLIP |
| Increased Bcl-2 expression |
| Extracellular matrix composition |
| Activation of the FAK and PI3K pro-survival pathways by TGF-β1 |
IAP: inhibitor of apoptosis; FLIP: Fas-activated death domain-like interleukin-1 converting enzyme-like inhibitor of apoptosis protein; Bcl: B-cell lymphoma; FAK: focal adhesion kinase; PI3K; phosphatidylo-inositol 3 kinase; TGF: transforming growth factor.