Cell culture | Cytokine | |||||||||
TNF-α | IL-6 | IL-1β | IFN-γ | G-CSF | IL-8 | MCP-1 | MIP-1β | MIP-1α | RANTES | |
A549 | <0.001# | <0.001¶ | <0.001# | |||||||
THP-1 | <0.001+ | 0.029+ | <0.055¶ | 0.025# | 0.016# | |||||
HMC-1 | 0.02# | 0.02# | <0.001# | <0.001# | ||||||
EAHY926 | 0.01+ | 0.06# | 0.011+ | |||||||
A549 + HMC-1 | 0.0371# | <0.001# | <0.001# | |||||||
THP-1 + HMC-1 | <0.001+ | <0.001+ | <0.001+ | <0.001+ | <0.001¶ | <0.001# | <0.001+ | <0.001+ | <0.001# | |
Triculture | <0.001+ | 0.016+ | 0.04+ | 0.048+ | 0.005¶ | 0.051¶ | 0.005¶ | 0.019+ | 0.024# | |
Triculture + EAHY926 | 0.028+ | 0.015¶ | 0.035¶ | 0.012¶ | 0.025# |
TNF: tumour necrosis factor; IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; MCP: monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; A549: epithelial type-II pneumocytes; THP-1: macrophage-like cells; HMC-1: mast cells; EAHY926: endothelial cells. #: overall decrease of the cytokine; ¶: increases of the cytokine at low concentrations (10 or 30 µg·cm−2) and decreases at high concentrations (100 µg·cm−2) of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm; +: overall increase of the cytokine.