Table 4—

Antibiotic therapy of 2,457 patients hospitalised for community-acquired pneumonia

Therapy	Early deaths ≤48 h	Early survivors >48 h
Therapy	Early deaths ≤48 h	Late deaths	p-value^#	Survivors at 30 days	p-value^¶	All	p-value⁺
Subjects	57	13		2269		2400
Initial antibiotic therapy
Monotherapy	36 (63.2)	91 (69.5)	0.402	1755 (77.3)	0.018	1846 (76.9)	0.025
β-Lactams	32	80	0.879	1284	0.027	1364	0.027
Macrolides	2	3	0.987	159	0.766	162	0.379
Quinolones		6	0.233	255	0.007	261	0.004
Other	2	2	0.752	57	0.235	59	0.735
Combination therapy	21 (36.8)	40 (30.5)	0.402	514 (22.7)	0.018	554 (23.1)	0.025
β-lactams + macrolides	12	20	0.331	197	0.093	201	0.003
β-lactams + quinolones	7	19	0.860	278	0.099	297	.146
Other combinations	2	1	0.454	55	0.849	56	0.642
Initial antibiotic therapy in high severity risk population^§	52	119		1174		1293
Monotherapy	33 (63)	89 (74.8)	0.4.83	862 (73.4)	0.146	951 (73.5)	0.113
β-Lactams	31	76	0.735	735	0.210	811	0.124
Macrolides		3	0.553	41	0.395	44	0.394
Quinolones		9	0.312	60	0.160	69	0.086
Other	2	1	0.177	26	0.276	27	0.583
Combination therapy	19 (36.5)	30 (25.2)	0.483	312 (26.6)	0.146	342 (26.5)	0.113
β-lactams + macrolides	11	14	0.636	110	0.046	124	0.010
β-lactams + quinolones	7	16	0.404	190	0.396	206	0.846
Other combinations	1	0	0.400	12	0.815	12	0.815
Initial antibiotic therapy in pneumoccocal pneumonia	16	39		663		702
Combination therapy	4 (25)	13 (33.3)	0.749	140 (21.1)	0.757	153 (21.8)	0.763
β-lactams + macrolides	1	3	1	283	0.122	31	0.525
β-lactams + quinolones	3	10	1	112	1	122	1
Other combinations	0	0		3	1	3	1
Discordant initial therapy^§	6/38 (15.8)	5/85 (5.9)	0.092	18/1223 (1.5)	<0.001	23/1308 (1.7)	<0.001

Data are presented as n or n (%), unless otherwise stated. Data for discordant initial therapy are presented as n/n of patients for whom concordance could be determined (%). ^#: comparison of early mortality and late deaths; ^¶: comparison of early deaths and survivors; ⁺: comparison of early deaths and all the others; ^§: concordance of antibiotic therapy was examined in 1,346 patients with an aetiological diagnosis, 38 patients in early deaths and 1,308 patients in all the others.