Antituberculosis drug resistance among previously diagnosed and new tuberculosis cases by HIV status, England and Wales, UK, 1999–2005
| Type of resistance | All cases | HIV-negative | HIV-positive | OR (95% CI)# | p-value | |
| Previously diagnosed cases | ||||||
| Isoniazid | 135/1657 (8.1) | 131/1577 (8.3) | 4/80 (5.0) | 0.58 (0.21–1.61) | 0.297 | |
| Rifampicin | 62/1657 (3.7) | 57/1577 (3.6) | 5/80 (6.3) | 1.78 (0.69–4.57) | 0.232 | |
| Ethambutol | 20/1656 (1.2) | 19/1576 (1.2) | 1/80 (1.3) | 1.04 (0.14–7.85) | 0.972 | |
| Pyrazinamide¶ | 17/1650 (1.0) | 16/1570 (1.0) | 1/80 (1.3) | 1.23 (0.16–9.39) | 0.842 | |
| Any first-line drug | 153/1655 (9.2) | 146/1575 (9.3) | 7/80 (8.8) | 0.94 (0.42–2.08) | 0.876 | |
| MDR | 47/1657 (2.8) | 45/1577 (2.9) | 2/80 (2.5) | 0.87 (0.21–3.66) | 0.853 | |
| New cases | ||||||
| Isoniazid | 1195/18130 (6.6) | 1108/16974 (6.5) | 87/1156 (7.5) | 1.17 (0.93–1.46) | 0.186 | |
| Rifampicin | 183/18130 (1.0) | 161/16974 (0.9) | 22/1156 (1.9) | 2.03 (1.29–3.18) | 0.002 | |
| Ethambutol | 63/18123 (0.3) | 57/16968 (0.3) | 6/1155 (0.5) | 1.55 (0.67–3.60) | 0.309 | |
| Pyrazinamide¶ | 74/18016 (0.4) | 65/16864 (0.4) | 9/1152 (0.8) | 2.04 (1.01–4.10) | 0.047 | |
| Any first-line drug | 1288/18077 (7.1) | 1189/16924 (7.0) | 99/1153 (8.6) | 1.24 (1.00–1.54) | 0.047 | |
| MDR | 125/18130 (0.7) | 111/16974 (0.7) | 14/1156 (1.2) | 1.86 (1.06–3.26) | 0.029 |
Data are presented as number of resistant cases/total cases (%), unless otherwise stated. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; MDR: multidrug resistance. #: HIV-positive cases compared with HIV-negative cases; ¶: cases with Mycobacterium bovis were excluded from calculations of pyrazinamide resistance, since they are usually intrinsically resistant.