Predictive value of early-life factors for wheezing at age 11–13 yrs
| No early wheeze (≤3 yrs) | With early wheeze (≤3 yrs) | |||||||
| Specificity | Sensitivity | PPV | NPV | Specificity | Sensitivity | PPV | NPV | |
| Wheeze (≤3 yrs) | 74.3 | 47.5 | 22.2 | 90.2 | ||||
| Male sex | 47.4 | 55.9 | 14.1 | 87.4 | 85.6 | 32.2 | 25.7 | 89.1 |
| Any parental atopy | 49.3 | 79.7 | 19.6 | 94.0 | 86.1 | 40.7 | 31.2 | 90.4 |
| Parental asthma | 80.8 | 35.6 | 22.3 | 89.0 | 92.9 | 20.3 | 30.8 | 88.3 |
| Parental hay fever | 59.6 | 69.5 | 21.0 | 92.6 | 89.2 | 33.9 | 32.8 | 89.7 |
| Parental atopic dermatitis | 90.5 | 15.2 | 20.0 | 87.3 | 97.4 | 11.9 | 41.2 | 87.6 |
| Any sensitisation (≤3 yrs) | 84.9 | 43.4 | 31.1 | 90.5 | 95.3 | 28.3 | 48.4 | 89.4 |
| Food | 89.7 | 23.6 | 27.1 | 87.9 | 97.1 | 16.4 | 47.4 | 87.8 |
| Any inhalant sensitisation (≤3 yrs) | 92.1 | 33.3 | 40.0 | 89.8 | 96.8 | 22.2 | 52.2 | 88.8 |
| Perennial | 97.4 | 22.2 | 57.1 | 88.8 | 99.1 | 16.7 | 75.0 | 88.3 |
| Seasonal | 93.9 | 20.0 | 34.4 | 88.0 | 97.4 | 12.7 | 43.7 | 87.5 |
| Elevated total IgE (3 yrs) | 59.8 | 45.9 | 15.0 | 87.7 | 89.5 | 27.0 | 28.6 | 88.8 |
| Atopic dermatitis (≤2 yrs) | 86.9 | 35.6 | 29.6 | 89.7 | 95.5 | 20.3 | 41.4 | 88.6 |
| Repeated LRIs (≤3yrs) | 66.7 | 33.9 | 13.6 | 86.7 | 88.0 | 16.9 | 17.9 | 87.3 |
| High allergen exposure# (≤3 yrs) | 39.8 | 58.6 | 13.3 | 86.0 | 86.4 | 34.5 | 28.6 | 89.4 |
| High allergen exposure + sensitisation¶ (≤3 yrs) | 98.2 | 13.0 | 53.8 | 87.8 | 99.7 | 9.3 | 83.3 | 87.5 |
Data are presented as %. PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; Ig: immunoglobulin; LRI: lower respiratory illness. #: exposure to cat or mite allergen ≤3 yrs in the upper quartile of the respective distribution in the total Multicentre Allergy Study (MAS) population; ¶: sensitisation to cat or mite ≤3 yrs and concurrent exposure to the respective allergen in the upper quartile of the distribution in the total MAS population.