Principal changes induced by adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) and methacholine (MCh) bronchial challenge (study 1)
| Time after bronchial challenge min | p-value# | |||
| 5 | 15 | 45 | ||
| FEV1 % | ||||
| AMP | -35 (-39– -32) | -20 (-16– -11) | -9 (-13– -4) | ns |
| MCh | -37 (-40– -34) | -21 (-24– -17) | -7 (-12– -3) | |
| Rrs cmH2O·L−1·s | ||||
| AMP | 4.9 (3.4–6.5) | 3.7 (0.9–6.6) | 1.6 (0.2–3.0) | ns |
| MCh | 4.3 (2.9–5.6) | 2.7 (1.4–3.9) | 1.9 (1.1–2.7) | |
| QT L·min−1 | ||||
| AMP | 1.00 (0.16–1.84)¶ | 0.60 (0.02–1.14)¶ | 0 (-0.34–0.35) | <0.01 |
| MCh | 0.15 (-0.24–0.54) | 0 (-0.49–0.45) | -0.24 (-0.60–0.11) | |
| V′O2 mL·min−1 | ||||
| AMP | 21 (2–39) | 10 (-6–25) | 17 (-2–34) | ns |
| MCh | 7 (-8–23) | 1 (-12–15) | -3 (-22–16) | |
| Pa,O2 mmHg | ||||
| AMP | -31 (-37– -24) | -16 (-23– -10) | -3 (-9–4) | ns |
| MCh | -32 (-40– -25) | -20 (-29– -11) | -7 (-14–1) | |
| PA–a,O2 mmHg | ||||
| AMP | 25 (20–30) | 13 (7–19) | 5 (0–12) | ns |
| MCh | 27 (21–34) | 17 (12–23) | 6 (2–10) | |
| log SDQ | ||||
| AMP | 0.27 (0.18–0.36) | 0.13 (0.02–0.23) | 0.05 (0.02–0.14) | ns |
| MCh | 0.38 (0.27–0.49) | 0.27 (0.17–0.37) | 0.12 (0.02–0.18) | |
| DISP R-E* | ||||
| AMP | 3.77 (2.26–5.28) | 1.41 (0.23–2.60) | 0.33 (-0.80–1.45) | ns |
| MCh | 4.59 (3.10–6.09) | 3.26 (1.75–4.78) | 1.65 (0.81–2.49) | |
Data are presented as mean differences (95% confidence interval) from baseline measurements, unless otherwise stated. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; Rrs: respiratory system resistance; QT: cardiac output; V′O2: oxygen uptake; Pa,O2: arterial oxygen tension; PA–a,O2: alveolar–arterial oxygen tension difference; log SDQ: dispersion of the pulmonary blood flow distribution; DISP R-E*: dispersion of retention minus excretion of inert gases corrected for dead space; ns: nonsignificant. #: comparison of AMP and MCh challenges, using ANOVA two-way repeated measures. ¶: p<0.05 for comparisons between AMP and MCh at single time points. 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa.