Association between serum osmolality and its constituent molecules and forced vital capacity(FVC) in the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey Examination, 1988–1994
| Exposure quintile | Subjects n | Increase in FVC mL | ||
| Adjusted for a priori confounders# | Adjusted for a priori confounders# plus serum osmolality constituents¶ | |||
| Serum osmolality mmol·kg−1 | 241–274 | 2200 | 0 (0) | |
| 275–278 | 2159 | -63.8 (-99.8– -27.7) | ||
| 279–281 | 2074 | -72.6 (-109.4– -35.9) | ||
| 282–285 | 2305 | -58.9 (-95.3– -22.5) | ||
| 286–352 | 1864 | -114.5 (-154.7– -74.3) | ||
| Serum sodium mM | 123.7–139.3 | 2231 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 139.4–140.6 | 2094 | 56.1 (19.4–92.7) | 24.9 (-11.9–61.5) | |
| 140.7–141.7 | 2138 | 78.7 (42.4–115.0) | 28.5 (-8.5–65.4) | |
| 141.8–143.0 | 2129 | 48.5 (11.6–85.5) | -19.8 (-58.2–18.6) | |
| 143.1–177.5 | 2010 | 44.7 (6.7–82.8) | -40.0 (-80.9–1.0) | |
| Serum chloride mM | 76.2–101.6 | 2183 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 101.7–103.6 | 2194 | 52.1 (14.3–89.8) | 49.9 (12.0–87.8) | |
| 103.7–105.2 | 2050 | 106.8 (69.0–144.6) | 99.4 (60.9–138.0) | |
| 105.3–106.9 | 2070 | 116.3 (79.0–153.6) | 108.9 (70.1–147.6) | |
| 107–121.6 | 2105 | 152.3 (115.6–188.9) | 150.3 (110.0–190.6) | |
| Serum urea mM | 0.71–3.57 | 2568 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 3.58–4.28 | 1932 | 58.4 (22.8–94.0) | 52.6 (17.3–88.0) | |
| 4.29–5.00 | 1980 | 99.3 (62.7–135.8) | 93.0 (56.7–129.4) | |
| 5.01–6.07 | 2011 | 151.3 (112.8–189.7) | 142.4 (104.2–180.6) | |
| 6.08–34.27 | 2111 | 117.4 (76.2–158.6) | 112.2 (71.3–153.2) | |
| Plasma glucose mM | 1.97–4.78 | 2149 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 4.79–5.06 | 2105 | 62.6 (26.4–98.9) | 58.0 (22.1–94.0) | |
| 5.06–5.34 | 2129 | 102.2 (64.0–140.4) | 93.0 (55.1–131.0) | |
| 5.35–5.78 | 2117 | 85.0 (45.5–124.6) | 78.2 (39.0–117.5) | |
| 5.79–35.67 | 2102 | -82.2 (-123.6– -40.8) | -78.1 (-119.4– -36.8) | |
| Serum potassium mM | 2.51–3.79 | 2191 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 3.80–3.96 | 2054 | 55.1 (18.7–91.6) | 34.1 (-2.1–70.2) | |
| 3.97–4.12 | 2215 | 32.0 (-3.9–67.9) | 3.5 (-32.2–39.1) | |
| 4.13–4.31 | 2054 | 68.0 (30.4–105.6) | 38.0 (0.5–75.4) | |
| 4.32–6.2 | 2088 | 18.5 (-20.1–57.0) | -8.3 (-46.6–30.1) | |
Data are presented as β/regression coefficient (95% confidence interval), unless otherwise stated. #: age, sex, height, cigarette smoking history (in pack-yrs), smoking status, BMI (categorical) and ethnicity; ¶: serum sodium, chloride, potassium and urea and plasma glucose.