Association between clinical conditions and comorbidities and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
| Variable | CAP | Controls | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Subjects n | 1336 | 1326 | ||
| Hospital admission in last 5 yrs | 621 (46.5) | 452 (34.1) | 1.68 (1.44–1.96) | <0.001 |
| Interventions on upper respiratory tract in last year | ||||
| Nasal or pharyngeal examination | 42 (3.1) | 36 (2.7) | 1.16 (0.74–1.83) | 0.512 |
| Bronchoscopy | 27 (2.0) | 13 (1.0) | 2.09 (1.07–4.06) | 0.027 |
| Gastroscopy | 36 (2.7) | 29 (2.2) | 1.24 (0.76–2.04) | 0.393 |
| Nasogastric tube | 16 (1.2) | 5 (0.4) | 3.21 (1.17–8.77) | 0.026 |
| General anaesthesia | 40 (3.0) | 30 (2.3) | 1.33 (0.83–2.16) | 0.237 |
| Upper respiratory tract infections | ||||
| More than one during last year | 592 (44.4) | 447 (33.7) | 1.57 (1.35–1.84) | <0.001 |
| Any during last month | 424 (31.8) | 183 (13.8) | 2.91 (2.40–3.53) | <0.001 |
| Previous CAP confirmed by radiograph during life | ||||
| None | 1104 (82.6) | 1219 (91.9) | 1 | |
| Any | 232 (17.4) | 107 (8.1) | 2.39 (1.88–3.05) | <0.001 |
| 1 CAP | 179 (13.4) | 94 (7.1) | 2.10 (1.62–2.73) | <0.001 |
| 2 CAP | 36 (2.7) | 10 (0.8) | 3.98 (1.96–8.05) | |
| >2 CAP | 17 (1.3) | 3 (0.2) | 6.25 (1.83–21.40) | |
| Time since last CAP yrs | ||||
| <1 | 18 (6.4) | 1 (0.7) | 11.12 (1.46–84.40) | |
| 1–2 | 40 (14.2) | 11 (8.0) | 2.25 (1.11–4.56) | 0.001 |
| 2–3 | 40 (14.2) | 12 (8.8) | 2.06 (1.04–4.09) | |
| ≥3 | 183 (65.1) | 113 (82.5) | 1 | |
| Treated diabetes mellitus | 135 (10.1) | 95 (7.2) | 1.43 (1.11–1.92) | 0.007 |
| Heart failure | 114 (8.6) | 65 (4.9) | 1.81 (1.33–2.49) | <0.001 |
| Heart valve disease | 59 (4.4) | 35 (2.6) | 1.70 (1.11–2.61) | 0.014 |
| Coronary artery disease | 80 (6.0) | 76 (5.7) | 1.05 (0.76–1.45) | 0.782 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 216 (16.2) | 81 (6.1) | 2.96 (2.26–3.87) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 375 (28.1) | 190 (14.3) | 2.33 (1.92–2.84) | <0.001 |
| Nonactive pulmonary tuberculosis | 50 (3.8) | 28 (2.1) | 1.81 (1.13–2.89) | 0.013 |
| Epilepsy | 17 (1.3) | 6 (0.5) | 2.83 (1.11–7.21) | 0.029 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 10 (0.79) | 15 (1.1) | 0.66 (0.30–1.47) | 0.309 |
| Stroke | 33 (2.5) | 37 (2.8) | 0.88 (0.55–1.42) | 0.601 |
| Dementia | 17 (1.3) | 8 (0.6) | 2.12 (0.91–4.94) | 0.074 |
| Psychiatric disorders excluding dementia | 178 (13.3) | 209 (15.8) | 0.82 (0.66–1.02) | 0.070 |
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux | 352 (26.4) | 356 (26.8) | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) | 0.797 |
| Chronic liver disease | 38 (2.9) | 23 (1.7) | 1.67 (0.99–2.82) | 0.550 |
| Chronic renal failure | 20 (1.5) | 21 (1.6) | 0.98 (0.51–1.75) | 0.860 |
| Cancer | 106 (7.9) | 76 (5.7) | 1.42 (1.04–1.92) | 0.025 |
| HIV | 15 (1.1) | 2 (0.2) | 7.49 (1.71–32.81) | 0.008 |
| Dental dysaesthesia | 245 (23.3) | 210 (19.7) | 1.24 (1.01–1.53) | 0.043 |
| Dental prosthesis | 567 (45.6) | 512 (40.8) | 1.22 (1.04–1.42) | 0.016 |
| Visit to dentist in last month | 116 (8.7) | 156 (11.8) | 0.71 (0.55–0.92) | 0.008 |
Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise stated. Data are from univariate analysis. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.