Clinical and biological features associated with habitual snoring in the previous 12 months#
| Base model | Partially adjusted model II | Fully adjusted model | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | p-value§ | OR (95% CI) | p-value§ | OR (95% CI) | p-value§ | |
| Demographic variables | ||||||
| Male sex | 1.33 (1.10–1.61) | 0.003 | 1.25 (1.02–1.52) | 0.033 | 1.27 (1.03–1.55) | 0.025 |
| Age ≥2 yrs | 1.74 (1.43–2.10) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.57–2.40) | <0.001 | 2.01 (1.62–2.49) | <0.001 |
| South Asian ethnicity | 0.61 (0.49–0.77) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.55–0.89) | 0.004 | 1.00 (0.57–1.72) | 0.985 |
| Atopic disorders | ||||||
| Attacks of wheeze¶ 1–10 versus none | 2.52 (2.04–3.11) | 1.48 (1.17–1.87) | 1.36 (1.07–1.73) | |||
| Attacks of wheeze¶ >10 versus none | 9.70 (5.80–16.16) | <0.001 | 3.27 (1.85–5.79) | <0.001 | 2.61 (1.45–4.70) | 0.001 |
| Eczema ever | 1.67 (1.38–2.02) | <0.001 | 1.20 (0.98–1.48) | 0.082 | 1.25 (1.01–1.54) | 0.039 |
| Maternal history of wheeze or asthma | 1.99 (1.59–2.49) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.07–1.75) | 0.012 | 1.33 (1.03–1.71) | 0.027 |
| Other respiratory symptoms | ||||||
| Cough at night¶ | 3.32 (2.72–4.05) | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.48–2.31) | <0.001 | 1.79 (1.43–2.26) | <0.001 |
| Frequency of colds¶ 4–6 versus <4 | 2.15 (1.72–2.68) | 1.46 (1.15–1.85) | 1.56 (1.22–1.98) | |||
| Frequency of colds ≥7 versus <4 | 4.19 (3.26–5.37) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.37–2.44) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.44–2.61) | <0.001 |
| Chronic rhinitis¶ | 2.98 (2.46–3.62) | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.49–2.29) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.39–2.15) | <0.001 |
| Otitis media¶ 1 episode versus none | 1.60 (1.27–2.02) | 1.38 (1.08–1.76) | 1.42 (1.10–1.82) | |||
| Otitis media >1 episode versus none | 2.70 (2.14–3.43) | <0.001 | 1.65 (1.27–2.14) | <0.001 | 1.69 (1.29–2.20) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index | ||||||
| Underweight versus normal | 0.86 (0.51–1.44) | |||||
| Overweight versus normal | 1.16 (0.88–1.52) | |||||
| Obese versus normal | 1.03 (0.64–1.68) | 0.663 | ||||
| Posseting+ during first year of life | ||||||
| A little versus none | 1.72 (1.36–2.19) | 1.43 (1.11–1.85) | 1.43 (1.11–1.85) | |||
| A lot versus none | 2.80 (2.08–3.77) | <0.001 | 1.68 (1.22–2.32) | 0.003 | 1.65 (1.19–2.30) | 0.005 |
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. #: n = 3,245; ¶: adjusted for age, sex and ethnic group; +: adjusted for age, sex, ethnic group and all environmental and socioeconomic factors; §: adjusted for age, sex and ethnic group and all enviromental and socioeconomic factors and clinical features simultaneously.