European Task Force(ETF), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Canadian Critical Care Society (CCCS) and American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS-IDSA) recommendations regarding pharmacological measures for ventilator-associated pneumonia
| ETF | CDC | CCCS | ATS-IDSA | |
| [Ref.] | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Publication yr | 2001 | 2004 | 2004 | 2005 |
| Selective digestive decontamination | Not controversial in some patients | Unresolved | Insufficient evidence | I |
| Preventive intravenous antibiotics | Still controversial | Unresolved | Insufficient evidence | I at time of intubation |
| Chlorhexidine oral rinse | NR | II in cardiac surgery | NR | I in cardiac surgery |
| Sucralfate better than ranitidine | Still controversial | Unresolved | Insufficient evidence | I: is the same |
| Avoidance of deep sedation and paralytic agents | Not controversial | NR | NR | II |
I: the evidence is from well-conducted, randomised controlled trials; NR: the guideline did not review this issue; II: the evidence is from well-designed, controlled trials without randomisation.