Nonsmoker | Smoker | COPD | |
Patients | 47 | 34 | 62 |
Age yrs | 61.4±2.7 | 60.7±2.4 | 67.5±1.0 |
Sex | |||
Male | 20 | 26 | 51 |
Female | 27 | 8 | 11 |
GOLD stage | |||
I | 0 | 0 | 14 |
II | 0 | 0 | 19 |
III | 0 | 0 | 16 |
IV | 0 | 0 | 13 |
Smoking history | |||
Current | 0 | 34 | 32 |
Ex-smoker n(mean±sem yrs since smoking cessation) | 0 | 0 | 30 (7.6±1.0) |
Pack-yrs | 0 | 33.8±3.2* | 54.6±3.3*,#,¶ |
BMI kg·m−2 | 21.6±0.8 | 20.5±0.7 | 21.1±0.3 |
VC % pred | 106.4±3.7 | 106.0±3.4 | 88.5±3.4*,¶ |
FEV1 % pred | 109.0±4.1 | 104.0±3.3 | 55.3±3.2*,¶ |
FEV1/FVC % | 83.7±1.4 | 78.5±1.2 | 46.9±1.7*,¶ |
Treatment | |||
Systemic steroids | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Inhaled corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | 15 (24.2)+ |
Bronchodilatorsƒ | 0 | 0 | 33 (53.2) |
No drug treatment | 47 (100) | 34 (100) | 29 (46.8) |
Data are presented as n, n(%) or mean±sem, unless otherwise stated. GOLD: Global initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; BMI: body mass index; VC: vital capacity; FVC: forced VC; % pred: % predicted; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second. #: smoking history in patients with stage I, II, III, and IV COPD were 53.4±8.3, 60.0±7.1, 53.3±5.8 and 50.0±4.0 pack-yrs, respectively. +: all were receiving inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone 400–800 μg·day−1) plus bronchodilators. ƒ: β2-agonists, anticholinergics and/or methylxanthines. *: p<0.05 versus nonsmokers; ¶: p<0.05 versus smokers.