Main chronic obstructive pulmonary disease comorbidities recently reported
| Respiratory |
| Respiratory failure, asthma, allergy, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary vascular disease, respiratory infections, rhinitis |
| Cardiovascular |
| Ischaemic heart diseases, hypertension, congestive heart failure, VT/VF/cardiac arrest, atrial fibrillation, other arrhythmias, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral atherosclerosis |
| Malignant |
| Lung cancer, thoracic malignancy, malignancies |
| Endocrin |
| Obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, nutritional depletion |
| Gastrointestinal |
| Digestive ulcer, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, faecal incontinence (females >40 yrs of age), Candida esophagitis in elderly patients |
| Renal disease |
| Osteo-articular |
| Bone fractures, fractures, articular disorders, arthritis, osteoporosis or osteopaenia |
| Ocular |
| Cataracts, glaucoma |
| Psychiatric |
| Depression/anxiety |
| Others |
| Skin diseases, migraine, poor health-related quality of life |
VT: ventricular tachycardia; VF: ventricular fibrillation.