Definition of end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on clinical features
| Domain | Qualification |
| Airflow limitation | Very severe (FEV1 <30% pred) COPD |
| Performance status | Severely limited and declining |
| Other criteria# | Advanced agePresence of multiple comorbiditiesSevere systemic manifestations/complications of COPD (e.g. body composition alterations, peripheral muscle dysfunction, respiratory muscle dysfunction, osteoporosis, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac impairment, fluid retention/oedema) |
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; % pred: % predicted. #: at least one. Reproduced and modified from 14.