Studies evaluating the role of mycobacteria in sarcoidosis using molecular techniques
| First author [Ref.] | Site | Molecular technique | Patients | Controls | ||||||
| n | Tissue/fluid | n/N | Mycobacteria | n | Diagnosis | n/N | Mycobacteria | |||
| Bocart 28 | France | PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen and IS6110 | 22 | 16/6 | 2/22 | MTB | 22 | Benign or malignant tumours, nongranulomatous diseases | 0/22 | |
| Gerdes 29 | Germany | PCR of 16S rDNA | 14 | NA | 0/14 | 10 | Lung cancer, nonmycobacterial lung diseases | 0/10 | ||
| Mitchell 30 | UK | Mycobacterial rRNA detection by liquid phase hybridisation | 5 | 5/0 | 5/5 | MTB | 5 | Nonmycobacterial lung diseases | 0/5 | |
| Saboor 31 | UK | PCR of IS986/IS6110 and groEL | 20 | 0/20 | 14/20 | 10 MTB, 4 NTM | 22 | Lung cancer, haemoptysis, ILD | 5/22 | 3 MTB, 2 NTM |
| Thakker 32 | UK | PCR of groEL and staining with AvaII | 14 | 14/0 | 1/14 | MTB | 11 | Nonspecific reactive lymph nodes | 1/11 | MTB |
| Fidler 33 | UK | PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen and IS6110 | 16 | 16/0 | 7/16 | MTB | 16 | Squamous cell cancer, Hodgkin's disease | 1/16 | MTB |
| Lisby 34 | Denmark | Nested PCR for IS900 of M. paratuberculosis | 18 | 18/0 | 0/18 | 18 | Normal donors | 0/18 | ||
| Ghossein 35 | USA | PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen | 10 | 10/0 | 0/10 | MTB | 10 | Normal tissue, benign or malignant neoplasms | 0/10 | |
| Popper 36 | Austria | PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen and IS6110 | 15 | 15/0 | 2/15 | MTB | 0 | None | 0/0 | |
| el-Zaatari 37 | USA | PCR of IS902/IS900 | 9 | 8/1 | 8/9 | NTM | 0 | None | 0/0 | |
| Richter 38 | Germany | PCR of mycobacterial 16S rDNA | 24 | 10/14 | 1/24 | MTB | 57 | Cancer, fibrosis, pneumonia and Mycoplasma infection | 3/57 | MTB |
| Cannone 39 | Italy | PCR10 of IS6110 | 30 | 30/0 | 2/30 | MTB | 10 | Nontuberculous, nonsarcoid lung disease | 0/10 | |
| Ozcelik 40 | Turkey | PCR of IS6110 | 5 | 11/0 | 5/11 | MTB | 15 | Nontuberculous, nonsarcoid lung disease | 2/15 | MTB |
| Popper 41 | Austria | PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen, IS1110 and IS6110 | 35 | 35/0 | 11/35 | NTM | 39 | Cancer, bronchiectasis, BOOP, pneumococcal and viral pneumonia | 0/39 | |
| Vokurka 42 | France | PCR of IS6110 and DR region | 15 | 15/0 | 0/15 | MTB | 27 | Lung cancer, WG, BO, PLCH | 0/27 | |
| Vago 43 | Italy | PCR of IS6110 | 30 | 30/0 | 2/30 | MTB | 17 | Nontuberculous, nonsarcoid lung disease | 0/17 | |
| Wilsher 44 | NZ | PCR of IS6110, nested PCR to further amplify 85 bp sequence within the 123 bp product | 31 | 31/0 | 0/31 | 10 | Lung cancer, lymphoma, seminoma, bronchiectasis, reactive lymph nodes | 0/10 | ||
| Grosser 45 | Germany | PCR of IS986/IS6110 | 65 | 50/15 | 35/65 | MTB | 34 | Lung tissue from still birth, iliac lymph nodes | 1/34 | MTB |
| Ikonomopoulos 46 | Greece | PCR of MPB 64, IS1110 and 383 bp region of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen gene | 25 | 25/0 | 9/25 | MTB | 0 | None | 0/0 | |
| Ishige 47 | Japan | PCR of IS6110 | 15 | 15/0 | 3/15 | MTB | 15 | Stomach cancer | 1/15 | MTB |
| Li 48 | USA | PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen and RFLP analysis | 20 | 20/0 | 16/20 | 2 MTB, 14 NTM | 20 | Foreign body granuloma, normal skin, dermatitis | 0/20 | |
| Ikonomopoulos 49 | Greece | PCR of MPB 64, outward primer PCR of IS1110 and amplification of IS1110 and 16S rRNA | 25 | 25/0 | 6/25 | MTB | 0 | None | 0/0 | |
| Klemen 50 | Austria | PCR of IS6110 and mycobacterial chaperonin | 4 | 4/0 | 3/4 | NTM | 39 | Cancer, bronchiectasis, BOOP, pneumococcal and viral pneumonia | 0/39 | |
| Drake 51 | USA | PCR of 16S rRNA, rpoB, and IS6110 | 25 | 25/0 | 15/25 | 11 MTB, 3 NTM, 1 both | 25 | Cancer, lymphoma | 0/25 | |
| Eishi 52 | Japan | PCR of IS6110/IS900 | 108 | 108/0 | 5/108 | 5 MTB | 86 | Cancer lung, nonspecific lymphadenitis | 2/86 | |
| Gazouli 53 | Greece | PCR of IS6110, MPB64 and mtp40 | 46 | 46/0 | 33/46 | 33 MTB | 20 | Lung cancer | 0/20 | |
| Milman 54 | Denmark | Cobas Amplicor® | 15 | 0/15 | 0/15 | 0 | None | 0/0 | ||
| Grosser 55 | Germany | PCR of 123 bp fragment of IS6110/IS986 | 105 | NA | 36/105 | MTB | 0 | None | 0/0 | |
| Marcoval 56 | Spain | NAAT for rRNA of MTB | 35 | 35/0 | 0/35 | 39 | Not mentioned | 0/39 | ||
| Dubaniewicz 57 | Poland | BD ProbeTec IS6110 amplification | 50 | 50/0 | 3/50 | MTB | 10 | Ca lung, reactive lymph nodes | 0/10 | |
| Fite 58 | Spain | PCR of IS6110 followed by Southern blot hybridisation | 23 | 23/0 | 9/23 | MTB | 23 | Lung neoplasm | 1/23 | MTB |
n: Mycobacteria-positive samples; N: total samples; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; IS6110: insertion sequence to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex (MTB, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis and bacillus Calmette–Guerin); 16S rDNA: ribosomal DNA (rDNA) common to all mycobacteria; NA: not applicable; rRNA: ribosomal RNA; IS986: insertion sequence to identify MTB complex; groEL: gene encoding 65 kDa surface antigen common to all mycobacteria; NTM: nontuberculous mycobacteria; ILD: interstitial lung disease; AvaII: restriction endonuclease; IS900: insertion sequence to identify M. avium subspecies and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis); IS902: insertion sequence to identity M. avium subspecies silvaticum and M. paratuberculosis; IS1110: insertion sequence to identify M. avium; BOOP: bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) with organising pneumonia; DR: direct repeat; WG: Wegener's granulomatosis; PLCH: pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis; NZ: New Zealand; bp: base pair; MPB: MTB complex-specific mycobacterial protein; RFLP: restriction fragment length polymorphism; rpoB: RNA polymerase β-subunit gene; mtp 40: MTB species-specific primers; NAAT: nucleic acid amplification test; BD: Beckton Dickinson (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).