mRNA expression levels in skeletal muscle
| Controls | COPD | |||
| Total | Cachectic | Noncachectic | ||
| PPAR-α | 1.87±0.46 | 1.39±0.75 | 0.87±0.47** | 2.14±0.69 |
| PPAR-δ | 1.07±0.17 | 1.12±0.34 | 0.95±0.33 | 1.29±0.28 |
| PPAR-γ | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| TFAM | 1.00±0.27 | 1.00±0.34 | 0.78±0.27# | 1.21±0.25 |
| PGC-1α | 1.38±0.23 | 1.00±0.49* | 0.89±0.43 | 1.11±0.56 |
Data are presented as mean±sd arbitrary units. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; TFAM: mitochondrial transcription factor A; PGC: PPAR-γ coactivator; ND: nondetectable. #: p<0.05; *: p<0.05 versus controls; **: p<0.01 versus noncachectic patients.