Bacteria isolated in 124 patients with 178 ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) episodes
| Microorganisms | VAP | p-value# | ||
| All episodes | Cases | Controls | ||
| Subjects | 178 | 70 | 108 | |
| All bacteria | 248 | 96 | 152 | |
| Gram-negative | 194 (78) | 71 (73) | 123 (80) | 0.128 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 62 (25) | 22 (22) | 40 (26) | 0.328 |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 35 (14) | 11 (11) | 24 (15) | 0.223 |
| Escherichia coli | 21 (8) | 9 (9) | 12 (7) | 0.426 |
| Enterobacter species | 21 (8) | 7 (7) | 14 (9) | 0.390 |
| Serratia species | 19 (7) | 8 (8) | 11 (7) | 0.465 |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 16 (6) | 5 (5) | 11 (7) | 0.363 |
| Klebsiella species | 13 (5) | 5 (5) | 8 (5) | 0.614 |
| Proteus species | 7 (2) | 4 (4) | 3 (1) | 0.263 |
| Gram-positive | 54 (21) | 25 (26) | 29 (19) | 0.128 |
| Methicillin-resistant S. aureus | 25 (10) | 9 (9) | 16 (10) | 0.475 |
| Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus | 23 (9) | 13 (13) | 10 (6) | 0.055 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 6 (2) | 3 (3) | 3 (1) | 0.429 |
| Polymicrobial VAP | 35 (19) | 13 (18) | 22 (20) | 0.463 |
| VAP related to MDR bacteria | 61 (34) | 19 (27) | 42 (38) | 0.073 |
Data are presented as n or n (%). S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus; MDR: multi-drug resistant. #: VAP in cases versus controls.