Table 2—

The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)

Question	Response	Points
1 How soon after you wake up do you smoke your first cigarette?	Within 5 min	3
	6–30 min	2
	31–60 min	1
	After 60 min	0
2 Do you find it difficult to refrain from smoking in places where it is forbidden?	Yes	1
	No	0
3 Which cigarette would you hate most to give up?	The first one in the morning	1
	Any other	0
4 How many cigarettes per day do you smoke?	≤ 10	0
	11–20	1
	21–30	2
	≥ 31	3
5 Do you smoke more frequently during the first hours after waking than during the rest of the day?	Yes	1
	No	0
6 Do you smoke if you are so ill that you are in bed most of the day?	Yes	1
	No	0
Total score (0–10)