Mortality and main causes of death depending on baseline the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD) stage
| Normal | Restrictive# | GOLD | |||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| Subjects n | 8804 | 1485 | 838 | 664 | 991 | 172 | 25 |
| Deaths % | 45.4 | 61.8 | 58.6 | 64.6 | 72.4 | 80.2 | 92.0 |
| Cause of death % | |||||||
| COPD | 1.4 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 9.8 | 25.4 | 21.7 |
| Asthma | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 4.3 |
| All respiratory | 3.2 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 28.2 | 26.0 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 18.1 | 15.0 | 19.6 | 18.2 | 15.2 | 17.4 | 13.0 |
| Respiratory cancer | 6.0 | 8.1 | 11.0 | 8.2 | 11.6 | 9.4 | 13.0 |
| COPD mentioned on certificate % | 3.0 | 9.8 | 8.9 | 9.5 | 17.5 | 37.0 | 45.5 |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. #: restrictive lung function pattern, i.e. forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ≥0.7 and FEV1 <80% pred.