Criteria | Points |
Age | |
Male | Age (yrs) −0 |
Female | Age (yrs) −10 |
Nursing home residency | 10 |
Comorbidity | |
Neoplastic | 30 |
Liver | 20 |
Congestive heart failure | 10 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 10 |
Renal disease | 10 |
Vital sign abnormality | |
Mental confusion | 20 |
Respiratory rate 30·min−1 | 20 |
Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg | 20 |
Temperature <35 or ≥40°C | 15 |
Tachycardia ≥125 bpm | 10 |
Laboratory abnormalities | |
Blood urea nitrogen ≥11 mmol·L−1 | 20 |
Sodium <130 mmol·L−1 | 20 |
Glucose ≥250 mg·dL−1 | 10 |
Haematocrit <30% | 10 |
Radiographic abnormalities | |
Pleural effusion | 10 |
Oxygenation parameters | |
Arterial pH <7,35 | 30 |
Pa,O2 <60 mmHg | 10 |
Sa,O2 <90% | 10 |
bpm: beats per min; Pa,O2: arterial oxygen tension; Sa,O2: arterial oxygen saturation. The point scoring system is as follows. Risk class I: aged <50 yrs, no comorbidity, no vital-sign abnormality; risk class II: ≤70 points; risk class III: 71–90 points; risk class IV: 91–130 points; risk class V: >130 points.