Anthropometric data and pulmonary function tests
| Males | Females | p-values | |
| Subjects n | 77 | 146 | |
| Age yrs | 81.5±6.5 | 83.7±7.9 | 0.02 |
| Height m | 1.69±0.08 | 1.56±0.08 | <0.001 |
| Weight kg | 71.3±12.3 | 59.3±11.8 | <0.001 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 25.2±3.8 | 24.4±4.9 | >0.05 |
| FEV1 % pred | 104±18 (80–141) | 111±24 (80–174) | 0.013 |
| FVC % pred | 97±16 (83–173) | 108±20 (83–164) | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC % pred | 114±13 (89–145) | 108±12 (89–136) | 0.001 |
| R4–16 kPa·s−1·L−1 | 0.222±0.062 | 0.266±0.065 | <0.001 |
| RM kPa·s−1·L−1 | 0.223±0.057 | 0.269±0.059 | <0.001 |
| FN Hz | 10.0±2.3 | 11.6±2.9 | <0.001 |
| C mL·hPa−1 | 23.15±8.60 | 18.97±8.83 | 0.005 |
| I Pa·L−1·s−2 | 1.20±0.22 | 1.15±0.28 | 0.14 |
Data are presented as mean±sd or mean±sd (range), unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; % pred: percentage predicted; FVC: forced vital capacity; R4–16: mean resistance between 4–16 Hz; RM: mean resistance between 4–30 Hz; FN: resonant frequency; C: capacitance; I: inertance.