Studies examining the excess of mortality in patients with asthma, for each sex separately
| Reference | Setting | Entrance period | Number of evaluated | Number of deaths | O/E in females/males | Sex difference in excess mortality |
| Alderson and Loy 9 | Outpatient clinic | Late 1930s to early 1950s | 1892 | 554 | 1.53/1.63 | 0.94 (F = M) |
| Lange et al. 8 | Population study | 1976–1978 | 315 | 161 | 1.7/1.5 | 1.13 (F = M) |
| Markowe et al. 7 | GP-national survey | 1970–1976 | 2547 | 189 | 2.19/1.39 | 1.58 (F>M)* |
| Sunyer et al. 11 | Emergency department | 1985–1989 | 4555 | 643 | 1.39/1.21 | 1.15 (F>M)* |
| Toren and Lindholm 5 | Outpatient clinic | 1962–1963 | 262 | 179 | 2.2/2.1 | 1.05 (F = M) |
Data are calculated from the observed number of deaths (O) and the expected number of deaths (E). GP: general practitioner; F: females; M: males. *: p<0.05.