Patients with OAD | Osteoporotic | Hip | Vertebral | |||||||
Severe OAD# | Use of inhaled corticosteroids | Crude OR | Adjusted OR¶ | 95% CI | Crude OR | Adjusted OR¶ | 95% CI | Crude OR | Adjusted OR¶ | 95% CI |
No | No | 1.25 | 1.06 | (0.92–1.22) | 1.28 | 1.07 | (0.67–1.70) | 1.33 | 0.74 | (0.44–1.22) |
No | Yes | 1.32 | 1.08 | (0.95–1.23) | 1.26 | 1.08 | (0.71–1.66) | 1.67 | 1.01 | (0.64–1.58) |
Yes | No | 1.84 | 1.47 | (1.25–1.74) | 1.82 | 1.43 | (0.87–2.35) | 3.43 | 1.83 | (1.03–3.23) |
Yes | Yes | 1.92 | 1.48 | (1.29–1.71) | 1.61 | 1.37 | (0.87–2.15) | 4.69 | 2.57 | (1.58–4.19) |
Referent crude odds ratio (OR): subjects who were never exposed to inhaled corticosteroids and who did not have a history of OAD; referent adjusted OR: subjects who had never been exposed to inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators and who did not have a history of OAD; CI: confidence interval. #: severe disease was defined as the presence of one or more disease-severity indicators (exacerbation of OAD, use of oxygen in the previous 12 months, use of oral corticosteroids, body mass index <20, bacterial respiratory tract infections, coughing, presence of sputum, haemoptysis, dyspnoea, tachypnoea, shortness of breath, acute bronchitis and wheezing in the previous 6 months; ¶: adjusted for general risk factors, smoking status, duration of enrolment in the General Practice Research Database and exposure to bronchodilators.