2 Patient outcome(all units)
| NPPV failure | 236 (22.8) |
| Endotracheal intubation | 185 (17.9) |
| Total deaths | 142 (13.7) |
| Deaths among intubated patients | 91 (49.2) |
| Hospital LOS days | 15.2±9.4 |
| ICU LOS days | 13.0±7.9 |
| MV days | 8.0±6.7 |
| NPPV h | 59.9±59.3 |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean±sd. NPPV: noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; LOS: length of stay; ICU: intensive care unit; MV: mechanical ventilation.