Baseline (day −5) measurements during constant-load exercise at 75% maximal work capacity (Wmax)
| Tiotropium | Placebo | |
| Subjects n | 96 | 91 |
| Work rate W | 59±24 | 60±22 |
| Endurance time s | 467±270 | 517±310 |
| V'E L·min−1 | ||
| Rest | 13.2±3.5 | 13.3±3.5 |
| Isotime | 40.5±13.8 | 42.7±14.4 |
| Peak | 41.4±13.7 | 44.2±14.6 |
| fR breaths·min−1 | ||
| Rest | 18.2±4.5 | 18.4±4.8 |
| Isotime | 29.9±5.8 | 29.4±6.5 |
| Peak | 30.9±5.8 | 30.8±6.8 |
| VT L | ||
| Rest | 0.76±0.23 | 0.76±0.27 |
| Isotime | 1.38±0.45 | 1.48±0.47 |
| Peak | 1.36±0.43 | 1.46±0.46 |
| IC L | ||
| Rest | 2.25±0.68 | 2.33±0.62 |
| Isotime | 1.85±0.60 | 1.94±0.56 |
| Peak | 1.80±0.61 | 1.92±0.55 |
| IRV L | ||
| Rest | 1.49±0.62 | 1.56±0.56 |
| Isotime | 0.46±0.33 | 0.47±0.32 |
| Peak | 0.43±0.40 | 0.46±0.33 |
| Dyspnoea Borg | ||
| Rest | 0.9±1.1 | 0.7±0.9 |
| Isotime | 6.2±2.4 | 5.4±2.2 |
| Peak | 6.8±2.3 | 6.4±2.1 |
Data are presented as mean±sd
V'E: minute ventilation
fR: breathing frequency
VT: tidal volume
IC: inspiratory capacity
IRV: inspiratory reserve volume