Effect of tiotropium (pooled AM and PM) versus placebo on duration of sleep stages, latency to persistent sleep and latency to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
| Stage | Overall mean baseline | Tiotropium | Placebo | Difference | p-value |
| Subjects n | 40 | 16 | |||
| Awake | 120.3 | 110.0 (9.8) | 120.3 (15.7) | −10.3 | 0.585 |
| Stage I | 40.5 | 39.4 (4.9) | 50.8 (7.7) | −11.4 | 0.219 |
| Stage II | 158.8 | 168.1 (10.1) | 147.0 (16.1) | 21.1 | 0.275 |
| Stage III/IV | 40.4 | 35.2 (4.6) | 47.9 (7.3) | −12.7 | 0.146 |
| REM | 37.8 | 52.1 (4.6) | 51.1 (7.4) | 1.0 | 0.906 |
| Total sleep time | 277.4 | 294.4 (11.1) | 297.8 (17.6) | −3.4 | 0.871 |
| Total sleep period | 397.7 | 408.7 (12.0) | 408.2 (19.2) | 0.5 | 0.982 |
| Latency to persistent sleep | 30.8 | 32.2 (5.3) | 40.9 (8.0) | −8.7 | 0.370 |
| Subjects n | 36 | 16 | |||
| Latency to REM sleep | 120.4 | 97.5 (9.5) | 89.7 (17.0) | 7.8 | 0.695 |
| Subjects n | 36 | 12 |
Data are presented as mean (SE) unless otherwise stated and are from the patient population with total sleep time of at least 2 h
Means are adjusted for baseline stage duration and baseline arterial oxygen tension
Latency to persistent sleep is the time in minutes to the first period of stage II sleep