Cross-sectional data on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in smokers, exsmokers and nonsmokers without chronic respiratory symptoms
| First author [ref.] | Subjects n | Sex | Age yrs | Method | AHR response# % | Results | Comments |
| Kabiraj 54 | 18 Nsm | M | 48 | FEV1 fall after 10 mg·mL−1 MCh | 9.8 | Sm>Exsm=Nsm | Atopy unk; symptoms in both Sm and Exsm, but not in all |
| 20 Exsm | M | 48 | 9.5 | ||||
| 22 Sm | M | 48 | 19.5 | ||||
| Cerveri 74¶ | 295 Nsm | M/F | 39 (15–64) | PD15 <7.9 mg MCh | 11 | Sm>Exsm=Nsm | All asymptomatic and NA |
| 50 Exsm | M/F | 15 | |||||
| 70 Sm | M/F | 43+ | |||||
| Paoletti 75¶ | 693 Nsm | M/F | 8–73 | PD20 <4.8 mg MCh | 34, 23§ | Sm>Exsm=Nsm (F) | NI |
| 369 Exsm | M/F | 31, 21§ | Sm=Exsm=Nsm (M) | ||||
| 496 Sm | M/F | 40, 25§ | |||||
| Sunyer 76¶ | 387 Nsm | M/F | 32 (20–44) | PC20 <100 mg·mL−1 MCh | 13, 5, 25, 21## | Sm>Exsm=Nsm (NA) | |
| 163 Exsm | M/F | 14, 8, 14, 31## | Sm=Exsm=Nsm (A) | ||||
| 619 Smƒ | M/F | 24, 18, 20, 18## | |||||
| Sparrow 77¶ | 129 Nsm | M | 50–59 | PD20 <8.6 µmol MCh | 9.3 | Sm>Exsm=Nsm | Age range selected (n=914 in study) |
| 172 Exsm | 8.7 | ||||||
| 66 Sm | 22.7 | ||||||
| Burney 78¶ | 259 Nsm | M/F | 41 | PD20 <8 µmol HA | 10 | Sm>Exsm=Nsm | |
| 116 Exsm | M/F | 12 | |||||
| 136 Sm | M/F | 24 | |||||
| Taylor 53¶ | 39 Nsm | M | 51–61 | PC20 <16 mg·mL−1 HA | 5 | Sm=Exsm>Nsm | NI |
| 71 Exsm | M | 24 | Sm=Exsm¶¶ | ||||
| 117 Sm | M | 29 | |||||
| Lim 73 | 16 Exsm | M | 53 | PC20 HA mg·mL−1 | 6.7 | Sm=Exsm | NI |
| 27 Sm | M | 59 | 7.1 | ||||
| Xu 79¶ | Nsm | M/F | >8 | PC10 <8 mg·mL−1 HA | 16 | Sm=Nsm | NI |
| Exsm | 18 | ||||||
| Sm (2684) | 20, 33++ | ||||||
| Rijcken 15¶ | 574 Nsm | M/F | 32.7 | PC10 <16 mg·mL−1 HA | 24 | Sm=Exsm=Nsm | NI |
| 252 Exsm | M/F | 18 | |||||
| 1013 Sm | M/F | 28 |
Nsm: nonsmoker
Sm: smokers without chronic respiratory symptoms
Exsm: exsmoker
M: male
F: female
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second
MCh: methacholine
unk: unknown
PD15: provocative dose of drug causing a 15% fall in FEV1
NA: nonatopic
PD20: provocative dose of drug causing a 20% fall in FEV1
NI: no information about atopy or symptoms
PC20: provocative concentration of drug causing a 20% fall in FEV1
A: atopic
HA: histamine
PC10: provocative concentration of drug causing a 10% fall in FEV1
#: severity or prevalence (see Method column)
¶: general population study
+: 27% heavy plus 16% moderate (<18 pack-yrs) smokers
§: F, M
ƒ: cumulative cigarette consumption 15 pack-yrs
##: NA-F, NA-M, A-F, A-M
¶¶: subjects aged <35 yrs (n=30)
++: <24 cigarettes·day−1, >25 cigarettes·day−1