Table 1

Indications for paediatric flexible bronchoscopy

Airway obstruction
 Stridor/noisy breathing
 Persistent/recurrent wheezing
Radiographic abnormalities
 Atelectasis
 Recurrent/persistent consolidations
 Atypical and unknown infiltrates
 Localised hyperinflation
Chronic cough
 Suspected foreign body aspiration
 Haemoptysis
 Evaluation of the artificial airway
Therapeutic bronchoscopy
 Restoration of airway patency
 Mucus plugs or blood clots
 Alveolar filling disorders (alveolar proteinosis, lipid pneumonia)
Special procedures
 Bronchoalveolar lavage
 Brushing or biopsy of the bronchial mucosa
 Biopsy of endobronchial lesions
 Transbronchial biopsy
 Administration of drugs
 Endoscopic intubation