Patient demographic and baseline characteristics
| Budesonide/formoterol | Budesonide | Formoterol | Placebo | |
| Patients n | 208 | 198 | 201 | 205 |
| Male % | 76 | 80 | 76 | 83 |
| Mean age yrs (range) | 64 (41–82) | 64 (40–90) | 63 (40–90) | 65 (47–92) |
| Current smokers % | 30 | 36 | 38 | 34 |
| Mean pack-yrs | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 |
| Previous medication % of patients | ||||
| ICS | 26 | 24 | 28 | 26 |
| Inhaled SABAs | 67 | 70 | 71 | 69 |
| Anticholinergics | 24 | 31 | 27 | 29 |
| Inhaled LABAs | 17 | 17 | 16 | 20 |
| Xanthines | 26 | 25 | 22 | 31 |
| Inhaled β2‐agonist/anticholinergic | 25 | 20 | 20 | 21 |
| FEV1 L | 0.96 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.98 |
| FEV1 % pred | 36 | 37 | 36 | 36 |
| FEV1/VC % | 41 | 44 | 43 | 42 |
| Reversibility % pred | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 |
ICS: inhaled corticosteroid
SABA: short-acting β2‐agonist
LABA: long-acting β2‐agonist
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second
VC: vital capacity
% pred: % predicted normal