Summary of possible mechanisms of regulation of ion and water transport in the lung
| Stimulation | Inhibition | Possible implicated mechanisms |
| Catecholamines and β-agonists | Hypoxia | Transporter gene expression |
| Growth factors (EGF, KGF, HGF) | Oxidants | Intracellular trafficking |
| Cytokines (TGF-α) | Nitric oxide | Membrane abundance |
| Hormones (glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone, insulin)OxidantsSerine protease (CAP1) | Degradation/ubiquitinationTransporter activity, open probabilityand conductanceCell proliferation |
EGF: epidermal growth factor
KGF: keratinocyte growth factor
HGF: hepatocyte growth factor
TGF: transforming growth factor
CAP1: channel-activating protease 1