Multiple logistic regression analysis of associations between symptoms in the first and second year of life and exposure to traffic-related air pollution in females
| Exposure variable | Symptom variable | |||||
| Wheeze | Cough without infection | Dry cough at night | Obstr./spast./asthmoid bronchitis | Respiratory infections | ||
| Age of 1 yr | ||||||
| Subjects n | 753 | 717 | 757 | 761 | 754 | |
| PM2.5·1.5 µg·m−3 | 0.94 (0.70–1.27) | 1.19 (0.84–1.70) | 1.17 (0.81–1.68) | 0.98 (0.68–1.41) | 1.06 (0.87–1.31) | 1.08(0.84–1.41) |
| PM2.5 abs·0.4×10−5 m−1 | 1.01 (0.74–1.37) | 1.25 (0.87–1.78) | 1.16 (0.79–1.71) | 0.94 (0.63–1.39) | 1.05 (0.85–1.30) | 1.06(0.80–1.39) |
| NO2·8.5 µg·m−3 | 0.90 (0.64–1.28) | 1.22 (0.81–1.85) | 1.20 (0.78–1.84) | 0.97 (0.63–1.48) | 1.09 (0.86–1.38) | 1.09(0.80–1.47) |
| Age of 2 yrs | ||||||
| Subjects n | 716 | 710 | 719 | 745 | 722 | |
| PM2.5·1.5 µg·m−3 | 1.04 (0.83–1.30) | NA | 1.13 (0.86–1.48) | 0.91 (0.68–1.21) | 0.98 (0.73–1.31) | 1.04(0.83–1.31) |
| PM2.5 abs·0.4×10−5 m−1 | 1.07 (0.85–1.36) | NA | 1.12 (0.84–1.48) | 0.95 (0.71–1.28) | 1.04 (0.75–1.43) | 1.06(0.83–1.34) |
| NO2·8.5 µg·m−3 | 1.03 (0.80–1.34) | NA | 1.17 (0.86–1.60) | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) | 0.98 (0.70–1.39) | 1.04(0.79–1.35) |
Data are presented as # adjusted odds ratio of symptoms associated with interquartite range of air pollution variables (95% confidence intervals), unless otherwise stated
PM2.5: particles with a 50% aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm
NO2: nitrogen dioxide
Obstr.: obstructive
Spast.: Spastic
NA: not available
#: Adjusted for parental atopy (yes/no), maternal education, siblings (y/n), environmental tobacco smoke at home (y/n), use of gas for cooking (y/n), home dampness (y/n), indoor moulds (y/n), keeping of dogs (y/n) and cats (y/n) study (German Infant Nutrition Intervention Programme (GINI)-intervention, GINI-observation, Lifestyle Related Factors on the Human Immune System and Development of Allergies in Asthma (LISA))