Symptom variable | ||||||
Exposure variable | Wheeze | Cough without infection | Dry cough at night | Obstr./spast./asthmoid bronchitis | Respiratory infections | Sneezing, runny/stuffed nose |
Age of 1 yr | ||||||
Subjects n | 1597 | 1528 | 1607 | 1606 | 1600 | 1614 |
PM2.5·1.5 µg·m−3 | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | 1.34 (1.11–1.61) | 1.31 (1.07–1.60) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 1.04 (0.91–1.19) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) |
PM2.5 abs·0.4×10−5·m−1 | 0.93 (0.78–1.12) | 1.32 (1.10–1.59) | 1.27 (1.04–1.55) | 0.99 (0.81–1.22) | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | 0.95 (0.79–1.14) |
NO2·8.5 µg·m−3) | 0.87 (0.70–1.08) | 1.40 (1.12–1.75) | 1.36 (1.07–1.74) | 0.97 (0.77–1.23) | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 0.99 (0.81–1.22) |
Age of 2 yrs | ||||||
Subjects n | 1517 | 1507 | 1510 | 1577 | 1523 | |
PM2.5·1.5 µg·m−3 | 0.96 (0.83–1.12) | NA | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) |
PM2.5 abs·0.4×10−5 m−1 | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | NA | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 0.94 (0.79–1.12) | 0.99 (0.80–1.22) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) |
NO2·8.5 µg·m−3 | 0.94 (0.79–1.12) | NA | 1.24 (1.02–1.51) | 0.90 (0.74–1.10) | 0.98 (0.78–1.25) | 0.93 (0.78–1.12) |
Data are presented as # adjusted odds ratio of symptoms associated with interquartite range of air pollution variable (95% confidence interval), unless otherwise stated
PM2.5: particles with a 50% aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm
NO2: nitrogen dioxide
Obstr.: obstructive
Spast.: Spastic
NA: not available
#: Adjusted for sex, parental atopy (yes/no), maternal education, siblings (y/n), environmental tobacco smoke at home (y/n), use of gas for cooking (y/n), home dampness (y/n), indoor moulds (y/n), keeping of dogs (y/n) and cats (y/n) study (German Infant Nutrition Intervention Programme (GINI)-intervention, GINI-observation, Lifestyle Related Factors on the Human Immune System and Development of Allergies in children (LISA))