Table 4

Frequency of exercise and participation in different types of sports in never-smoking compared to daily-smoking adolescents attending both questionnaire and spirometry in the YOUNG-HUNT study

Exercise and sports	Males				Females
Exercise and sports	OR (CI)^¶	p-value^¶	OR (CI)^#	p-value^#	OR (CI)^¶	p-value^¶	OR (CI)^#	p-value^#
Exercise until breathless/sweaty 2–3 days·week⁻¹	0.4 (0.3–0.5)	<0.001			0.4 (0.3–0.5)	<0.001
Exercise until breathless/sweaty ≥4 days·week⁻¹	0.2 (0.1–0.3)	<0.001			0.3 (0.3–0.5)	<0.001
Join in sports competitions	0.4 (0.3–0.8)	0.003			0.4 (0.2–0.7)	0.001
Individual high endurance sports (cross-country skiing, cycling, running)	0.7 (0.4–1.1)	0.159	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	0.318	0.7 (0.4–1.3)	0.325	0.8 (0.5–1.3)	0.468
Individual low endurance sports (slalom, ski jumping, horseback riding, gymnastics)	1.3 (0.7–2.2)	0.404	1.4 (0.8–2.6)	0.199	1.6 (1.0–2.6)	0.065	2.0 (1.4–3.0)	<0.001
Body-building and fight sports (body-building, weight lifting, wrestling, judo, karate and similar fight sports)	3.0 (1.8–4.9)	<0.001	3.2 (1.9–5.3)	<0.001	1.4 (0.6–3.4)	0.412	3.8 (1.8–8.1)	<0.001
Swimming	1.9 (0.9–3.6)	0.038	0.7 (0.4–1.8)	0.694	1.2 (0.5–2.8)	0.625	3.0 (1.7–5.0)	<0.001
Team sports (football/soccer, handball, basket ball, volley ball)	0.5 (0.3–0.8)	0.003	1.7 (0.9–3.2)	0.132	0.5 (0.3–0.9)	0.013	0.9 (0.6–1.5)	0.725

Regression models are adjusted for age, passive smoking at home and frequency of exercise (competition and sports). Exercise 2–3 days and ≥4 days a week are compared to exercise ≤1 day a week
OR: Odds ratio
CI: 95% confidence intervals
Adolescents who reported ever having asthma were excluded. n=6811 students
^¶: presently participating
^#: formerly participating