Adjusted odds ratios (OR), by area, sex, age and smoking status for bronchial responsiveness and atopy in immigrants and emigrants compared to nonmigrants (reference group) by country
| Country | Bronchial responsiveness | Atopy (serum IgE) | ||
| Immigrants | Emigrants | Immigrants | Emigrants | |
| Australia | 1.22 (0.72–2.06) | 1.70 (0.50–5.83) | 0.79 (0.51–1.20) | 0.70 (0.23–2.15) |
| Belgium | 3.83 (1.41–10.44)* | nc | 0.22 (0.05–0.99)* | 0.65 (0.13–3.31) |
| Denmark# | 1.00 (0.19–5.16) | nc | ||
| France | 0.91 (0.60–1.37) | 0.43 (0.10–1.92) | 1.21 (0.95–1.75) ¶ | 1.01 (0.35–2.89) |
| Germany | 0.74 (0.25–2.13) | 0.65 (0.30–1.40) | 1.10 (0.54–2.24) | 0.73 (0.42–1.27) |
| Iceland | nc | nc | 0.34 (0.04–2.77) | 6.08 (0.32–116.1) |
| Ireland | 1.17 (0.31–4.40) | 1.00 (0.11–8.24) | 3.01 (1.04–8.70)* | 1.63 (0.68–2.09) |
| Italy | 2.20 (0.45–10.85) | 2.56 (1.10–5.96)* | 0.92 (0.19–4.55) | 1.07 (0.54–2.10) |
| Netherlands | nc | 3.12 (0.79–12.38) | 0.62 (0.28–1.34) | 0.73 (0.22–2.36) |
| New Zealand | 0.90 (0.55–1.47) | 1.14 (0.22–6.03) | 0.82 (0.51–1.34) | 1.19 (0.33–4.31) |
| Norway | 0.53 (0.07–4.09) | 1.02 (0.13–8.28) | 0.94 (0.46–1.93) | 1.93 (0.60–6.23) |
| Spain | 0.61 (0.14–2.61) | 0.86 (0.20–3.80) | 1.69 (0.74–3.84) | 0.65 (0.24–1.76) |
| Sweden | 0.62 (0.32–1.22) | 0.97 (0.12–8.05) | 0.95 (0.66–1.36) | 0.29 (0.04–2.36) |
| Switzerland | 1.16 (0.61–2.20) | nc | 0.95 (0.63–1.44) | 0.88 (0.20–3.59) |
| UK | 0.50 (0.19–1.29) | 1.22 (0.76–1.98) | 0.68 (0.38–1.23) | 0.86 (0.57–1.29) |
| USA | 1.19 (0.31–4.58) | 0.34 (0.08–1.54) | 4.05 (1.39–11.80)* | 0.37 (0.12–1.14) ¶ |
| Total | 0.90 (0.74–1.19) | 1.03 (0.74–1.43) | 0.93 (0.79–1.11) | 0.88 (0.67–1.14) |
Data are presented as OR (95% confidence interval (CI))
IgE: immunoglobulin E
nc: model did not achieve convergence due to lack of migrants
#: no data for IgE
*: P<0.05
¶: P<0.1