Cause of death | Subjects n | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted# HR (95% CI) | p-value |
All-cause | 147 | 3.00 (2.10–4.27) | <0.001 | 2.07 (1.40–3.05) | <0.001 |
Cancer | 27 | 1.82 (0.85–3.94) | 0.13 | 1.60 (0.70–3.65) | 0.27 |
Cardiovascular | 20 | 3.73 (1.36–10.3) | 0.01 | 1.72 (0.56–5.30) | 0.34 |
Respiratory | 70 | 3.63 (2.12–6.21) | <0.001 | 2.38 (1.31–4.31) | 0.004 |
Other/unknown | 30 | 2.76 (1.29–5.91) | 0.009 | 2.39 (1.04–5.49) | 0.04 |
HR: hazard ratio. #: adjusted for sex, age, body composition, smoking, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage, Charlson Comorbidity Score and exacerbation count before inclusion.