Key points for the use of other pharmacologic treatments
| Patients with severe hereditary α1-antitrypsin deficiency and established emphysema may be candidates for α1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy (evidence B) |
| Antitussives cannot be recommended (evidence C) |
| Drugs approved for primary pulmonary hypertension are not recommended for patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to COPD (evidence B) |
| Low-dose long acting oral and parenteral opioids may be considered for treating dyspnoea in COPD patients with severe disease (evidence B) |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.