Subjects | Asthma cases | Model 1# | p-value | Model 2¶ | p-value | Model 3+ | p-value | |
Sleep initiation problems | ||||||||
Never | 10 669 | 365 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
Occasionally | 5644 | 253 | 1.31 (1.11–1.54) | <0.01 | 1.22 (1.03–1.44) | 0.02 | 1.14 (0.96–1.36) | 0.12 |
Often | 692 | 47 | 1.97 (1.42–2.67) | <0.01 | 1.65 (1.18–2.25) | <0.01 | 1.4 (0.99–1.93) | 0.05 |
Almost every night | 236 | 21 | 2.59 (1.59–4.01) | <0.01 | 2.08 (1.27–3.24) | <0.01 | 1.71 (1.03–2.69) | 0.03 |
Continuous | 17 927 | 686 | 1.37 (1.23–1.51) | <0.01 | 1.26 (1.13–1.40) | <0.01 | 1.18 (1.05–1.32) | 0.01 |
Sleep maintenance problems | ||||||||
Never | 10 384 | 367 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
Occasionally | 5913 | 257 | 1.26 (1.07–1.48) | 0.01 | 1.23 (1.04–1.45) | 0.02 | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 0.09 |
Often | 741 | 52 | 2.05 (1.50–2.76) | <0.01 | 1.92 (1.40–2.59) | <0.01 | 1.65 (1.19–2.26) | <0.01 |
Almost every night | 203 | 10 | 1.48 (0.73–2.69) | 0.23 | 1.36 (0.67–2.48) | 0.35 | 1.13 (0.55–2.08) | 0.71 |
Continuous | 17 927 | 686 | 1.29 (1.15–1.44) | <0.01 | 1.25 (1.12–1.40) | <0.01 | 1.17 (1.04–1.32) | 0.01 |
Nonrestorative sleep | ||||||||
Never or a few times a year | 12 772 | 438 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
1–2 times per month | 2670 | 127 | 1.40 (1.14–1.70) | <0.01 | 1.33 (1.08–1.62) | 0.01 | 1.24 (1.01–1.53) | 0.04 |
About once a week | 937 | 54 | 1.68 (1.25–2.23) | <0.01 | 1.52 (1.12–2.02) | 0.01 | 1.38 (1.01–1.85) | 0.03 |
More than once a week | 862 | 67 | 2.27 (1.72–2.94) | <0.01 | 1.94 (1.46–2.53) | <0.01 | 1.67 (1.24–2.22) | <0.01 |
Continuous | 17 927 | 686 | 1.32 (1.21–1.42) | <0.01 | 1.25 (1.15–1.35) | <0.01 | 1.19 (1.09–1.29) | <0.01 |
Data are presented as n or OR (95% CI), unless otherwise stated. Ref: reference. #: adjusted for age and sex; ¶: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, education, economic difficulty and smoking status; +: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, education, economic difficulty, smoking status, anxiety and depression.