Controls# | ePVH¶ | ePH+ | |||||||
Peak exercise | Recovery time | Peak exercise | Recovery time | Peak exercise | Recovery time | ||||
1 min | 2 min | 1 min | 2 min | 1 min | 2 min | ||||
Heart rate bpm | 140±20 | 125±18 | 112±19 | 113±23*,§ | 102±20*,§ | 90±18*,§ | 128±23 | 116±20 | 102±20 |
RAP mmHg | 7±3 | 4±3 | 3±2 | 12±5*,§ | 6±2* | 5±2* | 7±4 | 5±3 | 5±2* |
mPAP mmHg | 27±6 | 19±3 | 17±3 | 40±9* | 28±8* | 24±7* | 36±6* | 26±7* | 23±6* |
PAWP mmHg | 12±5 | 7±4 | 7±3 | 25±4*,§ | 14±4*,§ | 12±4*,§ | 12±4 | 10±4* | 9±3* |
PAWP minus RAP mmHg | 5±3 | 3±2 | 4±3 | 13±6*,§ | 8±4*,§ | 7±3*,§ | 5±3 | 5±3* | 4±3 |
mPAP minus PAWP mmHg | 15±4 | 12±4 | 10±3 | 15±8 | 14±7 | 12±5 | 24±6*,§ | 16±5* | 14±5* |
CO L·min−1 | 12.8±2.8 | 10.1±2.7 | 8.2±2.3 | 11.1±3.2 | 9.8±2.6 | 8.2±3.0 | 10.6±2.1* | 8.8±2.2 | 7.5±2.6 |
Peak CO % pred | 106±15 | 88±23* | 93±20* | ||||||
SV mL | 93±22 | 83±25 | 77±27 | 98±22 | 98±24* | 92±27 | 84±14§ | 77±18§ | 74±21§ |
TPR dyn·s·cm−5 | 169±34 | 156±39 | 174±48 | 313±114* | 243±107* | 261±117* | 283±63* | 249±88* | 272±133* |
PVR dyn·s·cm−5 | 96±30 | 102±42 | 103±47 | 124±69 | 119±83 | 129±74 | 187±52*,§ | 153±61* | 166±94* |
PVC mL·mmHg−1 | 3.5±1.1 | 4.4±1.8 | 4.3±1.6 | 3.0±1.0 | 4.2±2.0 | 4.4±2.0 | 2.6±1.0* | 3.1±1.2*,§ | 3.4±1.2*,§ |
RC-time s | 0.25±0.10 | 0.32±0.15 | 0.33±0.15 | 0.24±0.13 | 0.32±0.15 | 0.36±0.16 | 0.34±0.10*,§ | 0.33±0.13 | 0.39±0.13 |
Data are presented as mean±sd. ePVH: exercise pulmonary venous hypertension; ePH: exercise pulmonary hypertension; RAP: right atrial pressure; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; CO: cardiac output; SV: stroke volume; TPR: total pulmonary vascular resistance; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; PVC: pulmonary vascular compliance. #: n=31; ¶: n=28; +: n=36. *: p<0.05 compared with controls; §: p<0.05 comparing ePH versus ePVH.