Tirana, Albania | Annaba, Algeria | Salzburg, Austria | Vancouver, BC, Canada | Guangzhou, China | London, UK | Tartu, Estonia | Hannover, Germany | Reykjavik, Iceland | Pune, India | Fes, Morocco | Maastricht, the Netherlands | Manila, the Philippines | Nampicuan and Talugtug, the Philippines | Krakow, Poland | Lisbon, Portugal | Cape Town, South Africa | Uppsala, Sweden | Lexington, KY, USA | |
Subjects n | 939 | 890 | 1253 | 827 | 461 | 675 | 613 | 680 | 757 | 845 | 768 | 590 | 892 | 722 | 526 | 711 | 846 | 547 | 508 |
Age years | 55.4±11.7 | 53.5±10.9 | 59.2±12.2 | 56.8±12.7 | 54.0±10.6 | 58.0±12.4 | 59.6±12.2 | 57.7±11.1 | 57.0±12.0 | 52.3±10.0 | 54.2±11.9 | 58.5±12.0 | 52.7±11.1 | 54.2±10.6 | 56.2±11.8 | 58.5±12.0 | 53.5±10.5 | 58.9±11.4 | 57.0±11.6 |
Males % | 48.9 | 49.9 | 46.1 | 47.3 | 52.0 | 46.2 | 39.1 | 45.4 | 51.3 | 59.8 | 52.2 | 46.8 | 47.5 | 49.4 | 49.6 | 45.3 | 43.8 | 47.1 | 46.4 |
BMI# kg·m−2 | 28.0±4.6 | 28.2±5.6 | 26.4±4.3 | 26.7±5.1 | 23.3±3.2 | 27.3±5.2 | 28.4±5.4 | 27.1±4.6 | 27.9±5.0 | 22.1±3.9 | 27.5±5.2 | 27.5±4.6 | 24.4±4.7 | 21.6±4.1 | 27.8±4.7 | 27.9±4.7 | 27.5±7.3 | 26.9±4.4 | 30.6±6.5 |
Smoking history¶ pack-years | 11.5±19.3 | 10.4±18.3 | 12.7±20.7 | 12.1±21.4 | 11.8±17.7 | 17.5±27.4 | 7.4±13.0 | 14.6±20.4 | 12.9±24.9 | 0.7±3.6 | 6.6±14.9 | 14.5±19.0 | 10.6±18.6 | 12.9±18.4 | 15.8±25.5 | 13.1±25.0 | 11.9±16.1 | 10.4±16.2 | 24.4±34.7 |
Passive smoking % | 37.4 | 10.9 | 21.8 | 5.7 | 23.6 | 16.6 | 15.6 | 18.6 | 16.8 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 17.7 | 48.8 | 47.3 | 39.3 | 18.7 | 50.6 | 5.8 | 29.6 |
Education+ years | 10.0±4.6 | 7.7±5.4 | 9.8±2.2 | 15.4±3.4 | 8.4±3.9 | 13.6±3.6 | 13.5±3.8 | 10.3±2.2 | 13.2±4.4 | 4.3±4.3 | 4.2±5.3 | 14.9±5.1 | 9.4±3.6 | 7.8±3.6 | 10.4±3.4 | 8.5±4.9 | 7.8±3.3 | 12.8±4.0 | 12.8±3.3 |
Cumulative exposure to dust in workplace§ years | 15.0±14.1 | 5.6±10.3 | 5.2±11.7 | 3.1±7.5 | 6.9±11.6 | 4.0±9.7 | 5.0±10.1 | 3.3±8.7 | 4.2±9.6 | 1.8±5.5 | 8.5±12.8 | 3.3±8.8 | 7.1±10.8 | 6.1±11.8 | 10.5±13.4 | 10.6±14.3 | 6.8±10.3 | 5.5±11.3 | 8.3±12.1 |
PB-FEV1 L·s−1 | 2.8±0.8 | 2.7±0.8 | 2.9±0.9 | 3.0±0.9 | 2.4±0.7 | 2.7±0.9 | 2.9±0.9 | 3.0±0.8 | 3.0±0.9 | 2.2±0.6 | 2.7±0.7 | 2.9±0.9 | 2.1±0.6 | 2.1±0.7 | 2.9±0.9 | 2.7±0.9 | 2.3±0.7 | 3.0±0.9 | 2.7±0.9 |
PB-FVC L | 3.5±0.9 | 3.4±0.9 | 3.9±1.0 | 4.0±1.1 | 3.1±0.8 | 3.6±1.1 | 3.8±1.1 | 3.9±1.0 | 4.0±1.0 | 2.7±0.7 | 3.4±0.9 | 3.8±1.1 | 2.6±0.7 | 2.7±0.8 | 3.8±1.0 | 3.4±1.1 | 3.0±0.9 | 3.9±1.1 | 3.5±1.1 |
History of tuberculosis % | 0.7 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 7.0 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 10.8 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 15.4 | 1.1 | 1.9 |
Data are presented as mean±sd unless otherwise stated. BOLD: Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease; BMI: body mass index; education: years of schooling complete; PB: post-bronchodilator; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity. #: missing data for three subjects in Krakow, two in Cape Town and one in Lexington; ¶: missing data for seven subjects in Manila, three in Nampicuan and Talugtug, three in Krakow, two in Vancouver, two in Cape Town, two in Maasstricht, one in Reykjavik, one in Fes and one in Uppsala; +: missing data for seven subjects in Nampicuan and Talugtug, five in London, one in Tartu, one in Fes, one in Lisbon and one in Cape Town; §: missing data for four subjects in Maastricht.