Subjects n | 236 |
Disease status at recruitment | |
Stable | 221 (94) |
Exacerbated | 15 (6) |
Age years | 67.4±8.4 |
Male | 160 (68) |
Primary ethnicity: white | 231 (98) |
Living alone | 117 (50) |
Low socioeconomic status (NS-SEC IV–V) | 39 (16) |
Working status: employed | 28 (12) |
Current smoker | 43 (18) |
Smoking pack-years | 57.2±40.4 |
BMI kg·m−2 | 27.0±5.5 |
FFMI kg·m−2# | 18.1±3.0 |
FEV1 % pred | 57.0±20.5 |
FVC % pred | 95.6±19.6 |
FEV1/FVC % | 46.9±13.2 |
IC/TLC %# | 34.3±9.9 |
RV/TLC %# | 50.9±11.4 |
TLCO % pred# | 59.8±22.7 |
ATS/ERS stages# | |
I: mild (FEV1 ≥80%) | 34 (15) |
II: moderate (FEV1 <80% and ≥50%) | 108 (46) |
III: severe (FEV1 <50% and ≥30%) | 71 (30) |
IV: very severe (FEV1 <30%) | 22 (9) |
6MWD m# | 427.7±129.3 |
Quadriceps strength kg# | 31.8±11.8 |
Any admissions for COPD exacerbation ever | 95 (40) |
Comorbidities | |
Coronary heart disease | 28 (12) |
Any cardiovascular disease or disorder¶ | 127 (54) |
Diabetes | 21 (9) |
Musculoskeletal disorders | 27 (11) |
Dyspnoea (mMRC 0–4) | 1.7 (1.1) |
CRQ dyspnoea# | 4.8 (1.5) |
CRQ fatigue# | 4.3 (1.3) |
CRQ emotional# | 4.9 (1.3) |
CRQ mastery# | 5.3 (1.3) |
CCQ total# | 1.9 (1.1) |
CAT# | 15.1 (8.2) |
HADS anxiety# | 5.6 (4.2) |
HADS depression# | 5.0 (3.4) |
Data are presented as n, n (%) or mean±sd. NS-SEC: National Statistics Socio-economic Classification; BMI: body mass index; FFMI: fat-free mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; IC: inspiratory capacity; TLC: total lung capacity; RV: residual volume: TLCO: transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide; ATS: American Thoracic Society; ERS: European Respiratory Society; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale; CRQ: chronic respiratory questionnaire; CCQ: clinical COPD questionnaire; CAT: COPD assessment test; HADS: hospital anxiety and depression scale. #: some values are missing for certain variables (FFMI n=9, IC/TLC n=15, RV/TLC n=14, TLCO n=8, 6MWD n=3, quadriceps strength n=3, CRQ dyspnoea n=88, CRQ fatigue n=3, CRQ emotional n=3, CRQ mastery n=3, CCQ n=1, CAT n=2, HADS anxiety n=1, HADS depression n=1); ¶: including coronary heart disease.