Variable | Misdiagnosed n (%) | Unadjusted OR | 95% CI | p-value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p-value | Pulmonary/SS+ | Pulmonary/SS− or unknown | Extrapulmonary | ||||||
OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | ||||||||
Overall | 10 053 (10.81) | |||||||||||||||
Sex | 0.1 | 0.05 | ||||||||||||||
Male | 5594 (10.41) | 1.04 | 0.99–1.08 | 0.94 | 0.89–0.99 | |||||||||||
Female | 4367 (10.77) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||||||
Age group | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||||
0–14 years | 995 (18.02) | 3.10 | 2.89–3.36 | 2.12 | 1.77–2.54 | 0.25 | 0.10–0.62 | 0.003 | 0.3 | 0.22–0.38 | <0.001 | 2.18 | 1.84–2.61 | <0.001 | ||
15–44 years | 3591 (6.59) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||||
45–64 years | 2479 (13.13) | 2.14 | 2.03–2.26 | 1.16 | 1.01–1.34 | 2.70 | 2.21–3.30 | <0.001 | 1.41 | 1.18–1.67 | <0.001 | 1.32 | 1.17–1.50 | <0.001 | ||
≥65 years | 2980 (19.48) | 3.43 | 3.35–3.61 | 1.31 | 1.13–1.53 | 3.70 | 2.99–4.51 | <0.001 | 1.55 | 1.29–1.85 | <0.001 | 1.46 | 1.27–1.68 | <0.001 | ||
Region | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||||
East Midlands | 872 (13.57) | 2.01 | 1.85–2.19 | 1.44 | 1.28–1.61 | |||||||||||
East of England | 599 (11.55) | 1.67 | 1.52–1.83 | 1.19 | 1.05–1.34 | |||||||||||
London | 2775 (7.25) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||||||
North East | 155 (8.32) | 1.16 | 0.98–1.37 | 0.63 | 0.51–0.77 | |||||||||||
North West | 737 (8.66) | 1.21 | 1.11–1.32 | 0.89 | 0.80–0.99 | |||||||||||
South East | 1383 (16.45) | 2.52 | 2.35–2.70 | 1.58 | 1.43–1.74 | |||||||||||
South West | 394 (12.06) | 1.75 | 1.57–1.96 | 0.89 | 0.76–1.03 | |||||||||||
West Midlands | 1998 (16.81) | 2.58 | 2.43–2.75 | 1.23 | 1.11–1.35 | |||||||||||
Yorkshire and the Humber | 754 (10.23) | 1.46 | 1.26–1.55 | 0.92 | 0.82–1.03 | |||||||||||
Northern Ireland | 98 (11.98) | 1.74 | 1.40–2.16 | 0.45 | 0.36–0.57 | |||||||||||
Wales | 288 (12.97) | 1.91 | 1.67–2.17 | 0.70 | 0.55–0.90 | |||||||||||
Ethnic group | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||||
White | 4313 (19.37) | 3.81 | 3.55–4.08 | 2.15 | 1.91–2.43 | |||||||||||
Black African | 1188 (6.22) | 1.05 | 0.96–1.14 | 1.31 | 1.17–1.47 | |||||||||||
Indian | 1124 (5.93) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||||||
Pakistani | 943 (7.09) | 1.21 | 1.11–1.32 | 0.90 | 0.79–1.02 | |||||||||||
Bangladeshi | 255 (8.11) | 1.40 | 1.21–1.61 | 1.55 | 1.29–1.86 | |||||||||||
Other | 1007 (7.89) | 1.36 | 1.24–1.48 | 1.48 | 1.32–1.66 | |||||||||||
Place of birth/time since UK entry to TB diagnosis | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||||
UK-born | 4503 (17.31) | 4.09 | 3.83–4.37 | 2.11 | 1.88–2.39 | |||||||||||
Non-UK-born, entered <5 years before diagnosis | 1226 (4.87) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||||||
Non-UK-born, entered ≥5 years before diagnosis | 1747 (6.99) | 1.47 | 1.36–1.58 | 1.46 | 1.33–1.61 | |||||||||||
Site of disease/sputum- smear status | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||||
Pulmonary/SS+ | 1980 (10.52) | 1.62 | 1.52–1.72 | 1.45 | 1.31–1.61 | |||||||||||
Pulmonary/SS− or unknown | 4418 (12.71) | 2.00 | 1.90–2.11 | 0.74 | 0.64–0.84 | |||||||||||
Extrapulmonary | 2666 (6.78) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||||||
Previous TB | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||||
Yes | 832 (12.67) | 1.44 | 1.33–1.56 | 1.18 | 1.08–1.29 | |||||||||||
No | 6402 (9.14) | Ref. | Ref. |
SS+: sputum smear positive; SS−: sputum smear negative.