TABLE 1

Descriptive, univariable and multivariable analysis of the numbers of initially reported tuberculosis (TB) cases subsequently misdiagnosed, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2001–2011, and association between age group and the misdiagnosis of TB, stratified by site of disease/sputum-smear status

VariableMisdiagnosed n (%)Unadjusted OR95% CIp-valueAdjusted OR95% CIp-valuePulmonary/SS+Pulmonary/SS− or unknownExtrapulmonary
OR95% CIp-valueOR95% CIp-valueOR95% CIp-value
Overall10 053 (10.81)
Sex0.10.05
 Male5594 (10.41)1.040.99–1.080.940.89–0.99
 Female4367 (10.77)Ref.Ref.
Age group<0.0001<0.0001
 0–14 years995 (18.02)3.102.89–3.362.121.77–2.540.250.10–0.620.0030.30.22–0.38<0.0012.181.84–2.61<0.001
 15–44 years3591 (6.59)Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 45–64 years2479 (13.13)2.142.03–2.261.161.01–1.342.702.21–3.30<0.0011.411.18–1.67<0.0011.321.17–1.50<0.001
 ≥65 years2980 (19.48)3.433.35–3.611.311.13–1.533.702.99–4.51<0.0011.551.29–1.85<0.0011.461.27–1.68<0.001
Region<0.0001<0.0001
 East Midlands872 (13.57)2.011.85–2.191.441.28–1.61
 East of England599 (11.55)1.671.52–1.831.191.05–1.34
 London2775 (7.25)Ref.Ref.
 North East155 (8.32)1.160.98–1.370.630.51–0.77
 North West737 (8.66)1.211.11–1.320.890.80–0.99
 South East1383 (16.45)2.522.35–2.701.581.43–1.74
 South West394 (12.06)1.751.57–1.960.890.76–1.03
 West Midlands1998 (16.81)2.582.43–2.751.231.11–1.35
 Yorkshire and the   Humber754 (10.23)1.461.26–1.550.920.82–1.03
 Northern Ireland98 (11.98)1.741.40–2.160.450.36–0.57
 Wales288 (12.97)1.911.67–2.170.700.55–0.90
Ethnic group<0.0001<0.0001
 White4313 (19.37)3.813.55–4.082.151.91–2.43
 Black African1188 (6.22)1.050.96–1.141.311.17–1.47
 Indian1124 (5.93)Ref.Ref.
 Pakistani943 (7.09)1.211.11–1.320.900.79–1.02
 Bangladeshi255 (8.11)1.401.21–1.611.551.29–1.86
 Other1007 (7.89)1.361.24–1.481.481.32–1.66
Place of birth/time since  UK entry to TB  diagnosis<0.0001<0.0001
 UK-born4503 (17.31)4.093.83–4.372.111.88–2.39
 Non-UK-born, entered   <5 years before   diagnosis1226 (4.87)Ref.Ref.
 Non-UK-born, entered   ≥5 years before   diagnosis1747 (6.99)1.471.36–1.581.461.33–1.61
Site of disease/sputum- smear status<0.0001<0.0001
 Pulmonary/SS+1980 (10.52)1.621.52–1.721.451.31–1.61
 Pulmonary/SS− or   unknown4418 (12.71)2.001.90–2.110.740.64–0.84
 Extrapulmonary2666 (6.78)Ref.Ref.
Previous TB<0.0001<0.0001
 Yes832 (12.67)1.441.33–1.561.181.08–1.29
 No6402 (9.14)Ref.Ref.

  • SS+: sputum smear positive; SS−: sputum smear negative.