Adjusted associations between characteristics of thoracentesis/pleural effusion and mortality among patients undergoing thoracentesis
| Characteristic | 30-day mortality | 1-year mortality | ||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Thoracentesis# | ||||
| Bilateral | 2.58 (1.44–4.63) | 0.002 | 2.32 (1.55–3.48) | <0.001 |
| Aetiology¶ | ||||
| CHF | 0.33 (0.13–0.85) | 0.021 | 0.28 (0.15–0.54) | 0.001 |
| Infectious disease | 0.20 (0.09–0.45) | <0.001 | 0.20 (0.12–0.33) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 0.09 (0.01–0.71) | 0.022 | 0.17 (0.07–0.45) | 0.003 |
| Multiple benign aetiologies | 0.43 (0.20–0.90) | 0.024 | 0.36 (0.21–0.61) | <0.001 |
| Paramalignant | 0.59 (0.28–1.25) | 0.164 | 0.87 (0.54–1.40) | 0.568 |
| Renal disease | 0.24 (0.05–1.07) | 0.061 | 0.37 (0.17–0.81) | 0.013 |
| Covariates | ||||
| Age in years | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.430 | 1.01 (0.97–1.02) | 0.361 |
| Male sex | 0.96 (0.58–1.60) | 0.877 | 1.07 (0.77–1.40) | 0.686 |
| Nonwhite race | 0.63 (0.28–1.42) | 0.262 | 0.98 (0.61–1.58) | 0.937 |
| Number of comorbidities | 1.21 (1.05–1.39) | 0.009 | 1.19 (1.09–1.30) | <0.001 |
CHF: congestive heart failure. #: referent to unilateral; ¶: referent to malignant.