TABLE 1

Morphometric assessment of the effects of ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) on the progression of emphysematous changes caused by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure

Groups	Exposure/treatment		Results at 7 months
	0–4 months	5–7 months	Lm µm	ISA cm²
A	Air/-	Air/vehicle	20.6±0.8	748±65
B	CS/-	CS/vehicle	32.3±3.2*	492±70*
C	CS/-	CS/C16-C1P	25.1±2.2*^,#	590±42*
D	CS/-	CS/C8-C1P	27.4±1.3*^,#	609±131*

Data are presented as mean±sd. Tissue sections from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lungs were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Mean linear intercept (Lm) describes the average distance between alveolar walls in parenchyma. Internal surface area of the lungs (ISA) was performed at 25 cm of formalin distending pressure. n=5 mice per group. *: p<0.05, CS 7 months/vehicle 3 months versus air 7 months/vehicle 3 months; ^#: p<0.05, CS 7 months/C1P 3 months versus CS 7 months/vehicle 3 months.