Risk factors for coeliac disease for asthma occurring at any time and preceding coeliac disease, according to presence of asthma and antibiotic exposure
| Coeliac disease | Person-years | Crude IRR (95% CI) | Adjusted IRR (95% CI)# | |
| Asthma (at any time) | 717 | 1 173 692 | ||
| No | 463 | 832 941 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 254 | 340 751 | 1.46 (1.25–1.67) | 1.44 (1.23–1.68) |
| Any antibiotic in the first year of life | ||||
| No | 408 | 707 648 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 309 | 466 044 | 1.20 (1.03–1.39) | 1.16 (1.00–1–34) |
| Asthma (preceding coeliac disease)¶ | 639 | 1 173 516 | ||
| No | 463 | 832 941 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 176 | 340 575 | 1.00 (0.84–1.20) | 1.00 (0.83–1.18) |
| Any antibiotic in the first year of life¶ | ||||
| No | 372 | 707 566 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 267 | 465 950 | 1.13 (0.97–1.33) | 1.13 (0.97–1.33) |
Data are presented as n, unless otherwise stated. Poisson regression models were adjusted for sex and year of birth. IRR: incident rate ratio. #: mutually adjusted for either asthma or antibiotic exposure; ¶: excluding 78 asthma cases with a diagnosis of coeliac disease before diagnosis of asthma.